The Battle of Hastings was a decisive Norman victory that led to the conquest of England by William the Conqueror.

Château Gaillard was a castle built by Richard I of England to protect the Norman border from French attack.

The Battle of Agincourt was a famous English victory against a much larger French army.

Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate and was sacked by the Mongols in 1241.

The Battle of Crécy was a decisive English victory that helped to establish English dominance in the Hundred Years' War.

Caernarfon Castle was built by Edward I of England to control the Welsh population after his conquest of Wales.

The Battle of Bouvines was a decisive French victory that helped to establish French dominance in Europe.

Jerusalem was the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and was captured by the Crusaders in 1099.

The Battle of Patay was a decisive French victory that helped to turn the tide of the Hundred Years' War in favor of France.

Château Gaillard was built by Henry II of England to protect the Norman border from French attack.

The Battle of Poitiers was a decisive English victory that helped to establish English dominance in the Hundred Years' War.

Acre was the last major Crusader stronghold in the Holy Land and was captured by the Mamluks in 1260.

The Fall of Constantinople was a decisive Ottoman victory that marked the end of the Byzantine Empire.

Stirling Castle was built by Edward I of England to control the Scottish population after his conquest of Scotland.

The Battle of Dorylaeum was a decisive Crusader victory that helped to open the way to Jerusalem.