Domestic sewage, generated from households and commercial establishments, is the major contributor to water pollution in urban areas.

Excessive fertilizer application in agriculture can lead to nutrient runoff, causing eutrophication and water pollution.

Eutrophication is the process by which water bodies become enriched with nutrients, resulting in excessive plant growth and oxygen depletion.

Particulate matter, consisting of fine particles suspended in the air, is a major air pollutant that can cause respiratory problems and cardiovascular diseases.

Sustainable development aims to balance environmental protection and economic progress, ensuring that water resources are used in a sustainable manner.

Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rainwater for later use, typically for irrigation, domestic use, or groundwater recharge.

Sewage treatment is the process of treating wastewater to remove pollutants before releasing it into the environment.

The Convention on the Protection and Use of Watercourses and International Lakes is an international agreement that aims to promote cooperation among countries in protecting and managing water resources.

Water desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater to produce freshwater.

Source reduction involves reducing the amount of pollutants released into the environment, typically through changes in production processes or consumer behavior.

Water reuse is the process of reusing water that has already been used once, typically for irrigation, industrial purposes, or groundwater recharge.

End-of-pipe treatment involves treating wastewater before releasing it into the environment, typically through physical, chemical, or biological processes.

Phytoremediation is the process of using plants to remove pollutants from water, typically through absorption, adsorption, or metabolism.

Water conservation involves conserving water and reducing water consumption, typically through changes in water use practices or the use of water-efficient technologies.

Bioremediation is the process of using microorganisms to remove pollutants from water, typically through biodegradation or biotransformation.