To ensure the accuracy of emissions data reported by countries.

To evaluate the effectiveness of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.

To promote transparency and accountability in climate action.

To facilitate the transfer of climate finance between countries.

The Paris Agreement

The Kyoto Protocol

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

The Montreal Protocol

To develop methodologies for emissions accounting and reporting.

To conduct independent reviews of countries' emissions data.

To provide technical assistance to countries in implementing verification and compliance systems.

All of the above.

To strengthen the monitoring, reporting, and verification of climate actions.

To promote cooperation and capacity building among countries in implementing climate actions.

To facilitate the flow of climate finance from developed to developing countries.

Both a and b.

To facilitate and promote compliance with the provisions of the Paris Agreement.

To consider and address cases of non-compliance by countries.

To provide technical assistance to countries in implementing their commitments under the Paris Agreement.

Both a and b.

It recognizes that countries have different levels of responsibility and capacity to address climate change.

It allows countries to set their own emissions reduction targets based on their national circumstances.

It provides flexibility in the implementation of verification and compliance mechanisms for developing countries.

All of the above.

The lack of standardized methodologies for emissions accounting and reporting.

The limited technical and financial capacity of developing countries to implement verification systems.

The political sensitivities associated with sharing emissions data and undergoing verification.

All of the above.

By enabling the collection and analysis of more accurate and timely emissions data.

By providing tools for monitoring and tracking climate actions and their impacts.

By facilitating the sharing and exchange of emissions data and information among countries.

All of the above.

Clear and transparent rules and procedures.

Independent and impartial verification bodies.

Effective mechanisms for addressing non-compliance.

All of the above.

By ensuring the accuracy and reliability of emissions data.

By promoting transparency and accountability in climate action.

By facilitating the implementation of effective climate policies.

All of the above.

To monitor and report on the implementation of climate actions.

To provide independent assessments of emissions data and compliance.

To raise awareness and advocate for stronger verification and compliance mechanisms.

All of the above.

By promoting the sharing of best practices and lessons learned.

By providing technical and financial assistance to developing countries.

By establishing common standards and methodologies for verification and compliance.

All of the above.

Loss of trust and credibility among countries.

Reduced access to climate finance and support.

Trade sanctions or other economic measures.

All of the above.

By ensuring that countries are meeting their emissions reduction targets.

By promoting transparency and accountability in climate action.

By facilitating the flow of climate finance to developing countries.

All of the above.

The development of common reporting formats and guidelines.

The establishment of independent verification bodies.

The development of capacity-building programs for developing countries.

All of the above.