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Predicate Logic and Philosophy

Description: This quiz covers the basics of predicate logic and its philosophical applications.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: predicate logic philosophy logic
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Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. All men are mortal.

  2. Socrates is a man.

  3. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

This is a valid syllogism, where the conclusion follows logically from the premises.

What is the difference between a predicate and a proposition?

  1. A predicate is a statement about a subject, while a proposition is a statement that is either true or false.

  2. A predicate is a property or characteristic of a subject, while a proposition is a statement that asserts something about a subject.

  3. A predicate is a term that refers to a subject, while a proposition is a statement that makes a claim about something.

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A predicate is a term that describes a property or characteristic of a subject, while a proposition is a statement that makes a claim about something.

Which of the following is an example of a proposition?

  1. Socrates is a man.

  2. All men are mortal.

  3. The sky is blue.

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A proposition is a statement that is either true or false. The statement "The sky is blue" is a proposition because it can be either true or false.

What is the law of identity?

  1. A thing is what it is.

  2. Nothing can come from nothing.

  3. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The law of identity states that a thing is what it is. This means that a thing cannot be both itself and something else at the same time.

What is the law of non-contradiction?

  1. A thing cannot be both itself and something else at the same time.

  2. Nothing can come from nothing.

  3. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The law of non-contradiction states that a thing cannot be both itself and something else at the same time. This means that a thing cannot be both true and false at the same time.

What is the law of the excluded middle?

  1. A thing is either true or false.

  2. Nothing can come from nothing.

  3. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The law of the excluded middle states that a thing is either true or false. This means that there is no third option.

What is the difference between a necessary truth and a contingent truth?

  1. A necessary truth is a statement that is true in all possible worlds, while a contingent truth is a statement that is true in some possible worlds but not in others.

  2. A necessary truth is a statement that is true by definition, while a contingent truth is a statement that is true by experience.

  3. A necessary truth is a statement that is true because it is logically impossible for it to be false, while a contingent truth is a statement that is true because it is supported by evidence.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A necessary truth is a statement that is true in all possible worlds, while a contingent truth is a statement that is true in some possible worlds but not in others.

What is the ontological argument for the existence of God?

  1. God is the greatest possible being.

  2. The greatest possible being must exist.

  3. Therefore, God exists.

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

The ontological argument for the existence of God is a philosophical argument that attempts to prove the existence of God by using reason alone.

What is the cosmological argument for the existence of God?

  1. The universe exists.

  2. The universe must have a cause.

  3. Therefore, God exists.

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

The cosmological argument for the existence of God is a philosophical argument that attempts to prove the existence of God by using the existence of the universe as evidence.

What is the teleological argument for the existence of God?

  1. The universe is designed.

  2. Design implies a designer.

  3. Therefore, God exists.

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

The teleological argument for the existence of God is a philosophical argument that attempts to prove the existence of God by using the design of the universe as evidence.

What is the problem of evil?

  1. If God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving, then why does evil exist?

  2. There is no problem of evil.

  3. The problem of evil is a mystery that we cannot understand.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The problem of evil is a philosophical argument that attempts to disprove the existence of God by pointing to the existence of evil.

What is the free will defense to the problem of evil?

  1. God created humans with free will.

  2. Free will allows humans to choose between good and evil.

  3. Therefore, the existence of evil is not incompatible with the existence of God.

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

The free will defense to the problem of evil is a philosophical argument that attempts to reconcile the existence of evil with the existence of God by arguing that God created humans with free will, which allows them to choose between good and evil.

What is the evidential argument from evil?

  1. The existence of evil is evidence against the existence of God.

  2. The amount of evil in the world is too great to be compatible with the existence of a benevolent God.

  3. Therefore, God does not exist.

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

The evidential argument from evil is a philosophical argument that attempts to disprove the existence of God by arguing that the existence of evil is evidence against the existence of God.

What is the atheist's wager?

  1. If God exists, then I will go to heaven.

  2. If God does not exist, then I will not go to hell.

  3. Therefore, I should live my life as if God does not exist.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

The atheist's wager is a philosophical argument that attempts to show that it is rational to live one's life as if God does not exist.

What is the Pascal's wager?

  1. If God exists, then I will go to heaven.

  2. If God does not exist, then I will lose nothing.

  3. Therefore, I should live my life as if God exists.

Show answer
Correct Option:
Explanation:

Pascal's wager is a philosophical argument that attempts to show that it is rational to live one's life as if God exists.

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