Magnetic surveys are widely employed in mineral exploration to identify magnetic anomalies caused by the presence of magnetic minerals, often associated with mineral deposits.

The primary goal of mineral exploration is to locate and identify areas with the potential for economically viable mineral deposits.

Hydrothermal mineral deposits are formed when hot, mineral-rich fluids circulate through rocks, causing chemical reactions that result in the precipitation of valuable minerals.

Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit.

Gravity surveys measure variations in the Earth's gravitational field, which can be used to infer the presence of subsurface structures and anomalies associated with mineral deposits.

Beneficiation is the process of separating valuable minerals from waste rock or gangue minerals, typically through physical or chemical methods.

Sedimentary mineral deposits are formed by the accumulation of heavy minerals, such as gold, platinum, and diamonds, in placer deposits through the processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition.

Smelting is a process of extracting valuable metals from ores by heating them to high temperatures in the presence of a reducing agent, typically coke or charcoal, to separate the metal from impurities.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves to image the subsurface, allowing for the detection of subsurface cavities, fractures, and voids.

Refining is the process of purifying metals by removing impurities, typically through a series of chemical and physical processes, to obtain a higher purity metal.

Hydrothermal mineral deposits are formed when hot, mineral-rich fluids circulate through rocks, causing chemical reactions that result in the replacement of pre-existing rocks with valuable minerals.

Hydrometallurgy is a process of extracting valuable metals from ores using chemical methods, typically involving the dissolution of the metal in a solvent followed by precipitation or other chemical reactions to recover the metal.

Seismic refraction is a geophysical method that uses seismic waves to determine the subsurface structure and identify potential mineralized zones.

Electrometallurgy is a process of extracting valuable metals from ores using electrical energy, typically through electrolysis or electrowinning.

Sedimentary mineral deposits are formed by the accumulation of organic matter in sedimentary rocks, such as coal and oil, through geological processes over millions of years.