The primary goal of research in urban education is to improve the quality of education in urban schools. This can be achieved through a variety of means, such as understanding the challenges faced by urban schools, developing new teaching methods, and evaluating the effectiveness of existing educational programs.

Action research is not a common research method used in urban education. Action research is a type of research that is conducted in collaboration with practitioners, with the goal of improving practice. It is not typically used in urban education research, which is more focused on understanding the challenges faced by urban schools and developing new teaching methods.

Researchers in urban education face a number of challenges, including lack of access to data, resistance from schools and districts, and lack of funding. Lack of access to data can make it difficult to conduct research on urban schools. Resistance from schools and districts can make it difficult to recruit participants and collect data. Lack of funding can make it difficult to conduct research projects and disseminate findings.

Research can be used to inform policy and practice in urban education in a number of ways. It can provide evidence of what works and what doesn't, identify the challenges faced by urban schools, and develop new teaching methods. By providing this information, research can help policymakers and practitioners make better decisions about how to improve the quality of education in urban schools.

Research has been used to improve the quality of education in urban schools in a number of ways. It has helped to develop new teaching methods, identify the challenges faced by urban schools, and provide evidence of what works and what doesn't. This information has helped policymakers and practitioners make better decisions about how to improve the quality of education in urban schools.