Equalization in mastering is primarily used to address frequency imbalances, ensuring a balanced and cohesive sound across the entire audio spectrum.

Shelving EQ allows for gradual attenuation or boosting of frequencies above or below a specified cutoff point, making it suitable for reducing harshness in the high-frequency range.

A low-pass filter is used in mastering to remove unwanted high-frequency noise, such as sibilance or harshness, while preserving the essential frequency content of the audio.

Bell EQ, also known as parametric EQ, allows for precise boosting or cutting of specific frequency bands by adjusting the gain, bandwidth, and center frequency.

Shelving EQ involves gradually increasing or decreasing the gain of a specific frequency band, either above or below a specified cutoff point.

Notch filtering is used to reduce unwanted resonances or feedback frequencies by creating a narrow dip in the frequency response at the specific frequency of the problem.

A high-pass filter is used in mastering to remove unwanted low-frequency noise, such as rumble or excessive bass, while preserving the essential frequency content of the audio.

Reverb is commonly used to create a more spacious and airy sound by simulating the natural reverberation of a room or environment.

Bandpass filtering involves boosting or cutting a specific frequency band while simultaneously attenuating adjacent frequencies, creating a band-limited effect.

A subharmonic synthesizer is commonly used to add warmth and fullness to the overall sound by generating subharmonics, which are frequencies below the fundamental frequency.

A multi-band compressor is used in mastering to control the dynamics of specific frequency bands, allowing for precise adjustment of the loudness and dynamics of different parts of the audio spectrum.

A de-esser is specifically designed to reduce sibilance or harshness in vocals by attenuating the high-frequency range where these problematic sounds typically occur.

Shelving EQ involves gradually increasing or decreasing the gain of a specific frequency band, either above or below a specified cutoff point.

An exciter is commonly used to add clarity and definition to vocals by enhancing the high-frequency content and creating a more vibrant and detailed sound.

A limiter is used in mastering to prevent clipping and distortion by limiting the maximum amplitude of the audio signal, ensuring that it remains within a safe range.