Scholasticism was a philosophical movement that dominated European intellectual life during the Middle Ages, from the 11th to the 16th century.

Scholastic philosophers were primarily concerned with the study of language, particularly its relationship to logic and theology.

Universals are abstract concepts that are believed to exist independently of particular objects. They were a central topic of debate among Scholastic philosophers.

Realism is the theory that states that universals exist independently of particular objects.

Nominalism is the theory that states that universals are nothing more than names or concepts.

Thomas Aquinas was one of the most influential Scholastic philosophers. He is known for his Summa Theologica, a comprehensive work that synthesized Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology.

The Summa Theologica is a comprehensive work in which Thomas Aquinas synthesized Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology.

The Five Ways are a series of arguments that Thomas Aquinas used to prove the existence of God.

The Argument from Motion is an argument that Thomas Aquinas used to prove the existence of God from the fact that the universe is ordered.

The Principle of Individuation is a concept that John Duns Scotus used to explain how individual objects can be distinguished from one another.

The Principle of Individuation is a theory that states that individual objects are distinguished from one another by their unique properties.

The Razor of Ockham is a principle that states that the simplest explanation for a phenomenon is usually the correct one.

The Razor of Ockham is a principle that states that the simplest explanation for a phenomenon is usually the correct one.

The Experimental Method is a method of scientific inquiry that involves testing hypotheses through experimentation.

The Experimental Method is a method of scientific inquiry that involves testing hypotheses through experimentation.