The Northwest Passage was not a major trade route during the Medieval period, as it was not discovered until the 16th century.

Latin was the primary language of trade and diplomacy in the Mediterranean region during the Medieval period, as it was the language of the Roman Empire and the Catholic Church.

Baghdad was a major center of Islamic scholarship and learning during the Medieval period, as it was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate and home to the House of Wisdom, a renowned library and center of translation.

Christianity was the primary religion of the majority of people in Europe during the Medieval period, as it was the official religion of the Roman Empire and the Catholic Church.

Trade was a major factor in the spread of the Black Death during the Medieval period, as it allowed the disease to be carried from one region to another by merchants and travelers.

Genghis Khan was the Mongol ruler who conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe during the Medieval period. He was the founder of the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous land empire in history.

The rise of the Ottoman Turks was a major factor in the decline of the Byzantine Empire during the Medieval period. The Ottomans conquered much of the Byzantine Empire's territory, including the capital city of Constantinople in 1453.

The Protestant Reformation was a movement that sought to reform the Catholic Church during the Medieval period. It was led by Martin Luther and other reformers who criticized the Church's practices and teachings.

The rise of humanism was a major factor in the development of the Renaissance during the Medieval period. Humanism was a philosophical movement that emphasized the importance of human reason and experience.

Florence was the Italian city-state that became a major center of trade and culture during the Renaissance. It was home to many famous artists, writers, and scholars, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Dante Alighieri.

The growth of trade and commerce was a major factor in the decline of the feudal system during the Medieval period. As trade and commerce increased, the power of the feudal lords declined, as they were no longer the only source of wealth and power.

The Code of Justinian was a law code that was compiled by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I during the Medieval period. It was a comprehensive collection of Roman law that had a major influence on the development of law in Europe.

The development of new building techniques was a major factor in the development of the Gothic architectural style during the Medieval period. These new techniques, such as the use of pointed arches and ribbed vaults, allowed for the construction of taller and more spacious buildings.

The Umayyads were the Muslim dynasty that ruled Spain during the Medieval period. They were the first Muslim dynasty to rule in Spain, and they established a powerful and prosperous empire.

The desire to liberate the Holy Land from Muslim control was a major factor in the development of the Crusades during the Medieval period. Many Christians in Europe believed that it was their duty to fight for the liberation of the Holy Land, and this belief led to the launch of several Crusades.