Communism advocates for a classless, stateless society where the means of production are owned in common.

Karl Marx is widely recognized as the father of communism due to his influential writings, including the Communist Manifesto.

Russia, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, became the first country to adopt communism in 1917.

Socialism is the transitional stage between capitalism and communism, characterized by collective ownership of the means of production.

Leon Trotsky advocated for the idea of 'permanent revolution,' which emphasized the need for continuous revolutionary struggle to achieve communism.

Collectivization refers to the process of merging individual farms into large, collectively owned and operated agricultural units.

Under Deng Xiaoping's leadership, China implemented economic reforms and opened up to foreign investment, leading to rapid economic growth.

Stalinism refers to the political and economic system established by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, characterized by centralized control and repression.

Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of 'glasnost' (openness) and 'perestroika' (restructuring) in an attempt to reform the Soviet Union.

Perestroika, meaning 'restructuring,' was an attempt to reform the Soviet economy, but it ultimately led to economic instability and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Under Fidel Castro's leadership, Cuba underwent a socialist revolution and implemented various economic and social reforms.

Socialism with Chinese Characteristics refers to the political and economic system developed in China under Deng Xiaoping, combining elements of socialism and capitalism.

Under Ho Chi Minh's leadership, Vietnam underwent a socialist revolution and implemented various economic and social reforms.

Perestroika, meaning 'restructuring,' was an attempt to reform the Soviet economy, but it ultimately led to economic instability and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Under Kim Il-sung's leadership, North Korea underwent a socialist revolution and implemented various economic and social reforms.