The referential theory of meaning holds that the primary function of language is to convey information about the world by referring to objects, properties, and events.

Ludwig Wittgenstein, particularly in his later work, emphasized the communicative function of language and argued that its meaning is derived from its use in everyday life.

The verification theory of meaning, associated with logical positivists like A.J. Ayer, states that the meaning of a statement is determined by the conditions under which it can be verified or falsified.

The performative theory of meaning, developed by J.L. Austin, argues that certain types of utterances, such as promises, orders, and declarations, do not describe facts but rather perform actions.

Ludwig Wittgenstein, in his later work, compared language to a game with its own rules and conventions, emphasizing the importance of context and usage in understanding meaning.

A major criticism of the speaker's intention theory of meaning is that it overlooks the role of the hearer in interpreting and understanding the speaker's intended meaning.

The contextual theory of meaning highlights the influence of context, including social, cultural, and situational factors, in shaping the meaning of utterances and expressions.

The theory of vagueness addresses the phenomenon of imprecise or ambiguous terms in language and explores the challenges they pose for communication and understanding.

Ludwig Wittgenstein, in his later work, proposed the idea of 'family resemblances' to explain the meaning of words, suggesting that their meaning is determined by the various ways they are used in different contexts.

The concept of speech acts emphasizes that language is not only used to describe or represent the world but also to perform actions, such as promising, requesting, or commanding.

The speaker's intention theory of meaning holds that the meaning of an utterance is determined by the speaker's beliefs, intentions, and purposes in making that utterance.

The theory of reference explores the relationship between words, phrases, or expressions and the objects, properties, or states of affairs they refer to in the world.

Ludwig Wittgenstein, particularly in his later work, emphasized the importance of language use and the social context in determining the meaning of words and expressions.

The concept of possible worlds in the philosophy of language explores the idea that language can be used to describe and reason about different possible realities or scenarios.

The hearer's interpretation theory of meaning holds that the meaning of an utterance is determined by the hearer's interpretation and understanding of the speaker's intended meaning.