Testimonial evidence

Documentary evidence

Physical evidence

Hearsay evidence

To protect the rights of the accused

To ensure the reliability of evidence

To promote efficiency in the legal process

To deter law enforcement misconduct

A witness's statement made under oath in court

A police officer's report of an incident

A surveillance video recording of a crime

A DNA sample collected from a crime scene

The hearsay rule prohibits the use of out-of-court statements in criminal cases.

The hearsay rule allows for the admission of out-of-court statements if they are reliable and trustworthy.

The hearsay rule is only applicable in civil cases, not criminal cases.

The hearsay rule is not a rule of evidence but a rule of procedure.

Direct evidence proves a fact directly, while circumstantial evidence proves a fact indirectly.

Direct evidence is always more reliable than circumstantial evidence.

Circumstantial evidence can never be used to convict a defendant in a criminal case.

Direct evidence is only admissible in criminal cases, while circumstantial evidence is only admissible in civil cases.

To provide specialized knowledge and opinions on technical or scientific matters.

To testify about their personal experiences or observations related to the case.

To act as advocates for the prosecution or defense.

To determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant.

It ensures that evidence is properly collected, preserved, and handled to maintain its integrity and authenticity.

It is only relevant in cases involving physical evidence.

It is not a legal requirement but a best practice.

It is only applicable in federal criminal cases, not state criminal cases.

To select impartial jurors for the trial.

To determine the admissibility of evidence.

To present opening statements to the jury.

To cross-examine witnesses during the trial.

In a plea bargain, the defendant admits guilt in exchange for a reduced sentence, while in a trial, the defendant's guilt or innocence is determined by a jury.

In a plea bargain, the defendant is represented by an attorney, while in a trial, the defendant can represent themselves.

In a plea bargain, the defendant waives their right to a jury trial, while in a trial, the defendant has the right to a jury trial.

In a plea bargain, the defendant is always sentenced to prison, while in a trial, the defendant may be sentenced to probation or other non-custodial alternatives.

It requires the prosecution to prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

It allows the defendant to remain silent during the trial.

It guarantees the defendant the right to an attorney.

It prohibits the use of evidence obtained in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights.

To challenge the credibility and reliability of witnesses.

To introduce new evidence into the trial.

To present closing arguments to the jury.

To determine the admissibility of evidence.

To determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant.

To decide on the appropriate sentence for the defendant.

To select the jurors for the trial.

To conduct the voir dire examination of potential jurors.

In a criminal case, the government prosecutes an individual for violating the law, while in a civil case, one individual sues another for causing harm or damages.

In a criminal case, the burden of proof is on the prosecution, while in a civil case, the burden of proof is on the plaintiff.

In a criminal case, the defendant has the right to remain silent, while in a civil case, the defendant is required to testify.

In a criminal case, the standard of proof is beyond a reasonable doubt, while in a civil case, the standard of proof is a preponderance of the evidence.

To summarize the evidence and arguments presented during the trial.

To introduce new evidence into the trial.

To cross-examine witnesses.

To determine the admissibility of evidence.