Conservation activism aims to protect and preserve natural resources and ecosystems from human-induced threats, such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change.

International collaboration is essential in conservation activism because it allows for the sharing of knowledge and expertise, the coordination of conservation efforts on a global scale, and the addressing of transboundary environmental issues that cannot be solved by individual countries alone.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adopted in 1992, is considered a landmark achievement in conservation activism as it provides a comprehensive framework for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity at the global level.

NGOs play a crucial role in conservation activism by advocating for conservation policies and regulations, implementing conservation projects on the ground, and raising awareness about conservation issues to mobilize public support and action.

Chico Mendes, a Brazilian rubber tapper and environmental activist, is renowned for his tireless efforts to protect the rainforests of the Amazon. He led the movement against deforestation and was assassinated in 1988 for his activism.

The concept of 'ecosystem services' is significant in conservation activism because it highlights the economic value of natural ecosystems, promotes the sustainable use of natural resources, and raises awareness about the interdependence of humans and the environment.

The Global Ocean Commission is an independent international organization that aims to protect and restore the world's oceans through research, advocacy, and policy recommendations.

The '30x30' conservation goal aims to protect 30% of the world's land and oceans by 2030 in order to conserve biodiversity and mitigate climate change.

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is the sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management.

The Ramsar Convention, also known as the Convention on Wetlands, is an international treaty that aims to protect wetlands of international importance, especially those that are habitats for waterfowl.

The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) is a global partnership of governments, organizations, and individuals working to protect the world's coral reefs and related ecosystems.

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) aims to regulate the international trade in endangered species of animals and plants to ensure their survival in the wild.

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is one of the world's largest conservation organizations, working in over 100 countries to protect the world's forests and other natural habitats.

Biodiversity hotspots are significant in conservation activism because they represent areas with high levels of biodiversity, are under threat from human activities, and are important for maintaining ecosystem services.

The Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention, is an international treaty that aims to protect migratory species and their habitats.