Martin Cooper, a Motorola engineer, is widely regarded as the inventor of the first smartphone, which he demonstrated in 1973.

The Nokia 9000 Communicator, released in 1996, is considered the first commercially available smartphone as it combined phone, PDA, and email capabilities in a single device.

The first iPhone, released in 2007, ran on Apple's proprietary operating system called iOS.

The introduction of touchscreen displays in smartphones allowed for more intuitive and user-friendly interaction, which became a defining characteristic of these devices.

Google developed and released the Android operating system in 2008, which became widely adopted by various smartphone manufacturers, leading to its dominance in the market.

The Samsung Galaxy S II, released in 2011, was the first smartphone to feature a dual-core processor, offering improved performance and multitasking capabilities.

The iPhone 4S, released in 2011, introduced Siri, Apple's virtual assistant, which allowed users to interact with their devices using voice commands.

The HTC Thunderbolt, released in 2011, was the first smartphone to offer 4G LTE connectivity, providing significantly faster data speeds.

The Samsung Galaxy S8, released in 2017, was one of the first smartphones to feature a bezel-less display, maximizing the screen-to-body ratio and offering an immersive viewing experience.

The Samsung Galaxy Fold, released in 2019, was the first commercially available smartphone with a foldable display, allowing users to switch between a compact form factor and a larger screen size.

The Vivo NEX, released in 2018, was the first smartphone to feature a pop-up selfie camera, which allowed for a bezel-less display and a higher screen-to-body ratio.

The Xiaomi Mi Note 10, released in 2019, was the first smartphone to feature a 108MP camera, offering ultra-high-resolution photography.

The LG V50 ThinQ, released in 2019, was the first smartphone to feature a dual-screen design, allowing users to extend their display area for multitasking and gaming.

The Samsung Galaxy S10 5G, released in 2019, was the first smartphone to offer 5G connectivity, providing ultra-fast data speeds and low latency.

The ZTE Axon 20 5G, released in 2020, was the first smartphone to feature an under-display camera, allowing for a truly bezel-less display without any notches or punch-holes.