Political isolationism, which involves a country's deliberate attempt to minimize its interactions with other countries, hinders the globalization of language by reducing opportunities for cross-cultural communication and exchange.

Pidginization refers to the process by which a simplified language emerges from the interaction of two or more groups who do not share a common language. It is characterized by a reduced vocabulary and simplified grammar.

Tok Pisin is an example of a pidgin language that developed in Papua New Guinea as a means of communication between speakers of different indigenous languages and English-speaking settlers.

A creole is a language that develops from a pidgin language when it becomes the native language of a community. It typically has a more complex grammar and vocabulary than the pidgin from which it originated.

Jamaican Patois is an example of a creole language that developed from the interaction of English and African languages in Jamaica.

Language hegemony refers to the process by which a language becomes the dominant language in a region or country, often due to political, economic, or cultural factors.

English has achieved hegemony as a global lingua franca, due to its widespread use in international business, diplomacy, and education.

Language convergence refers to the process by which two or more languages influence each other, resulting in similarities in their grammar, vocabulary, or pronunciation.

The influence of French on English vocabulary is an example of language convergence, as French words have been incorporated into the English language over time.

Language death refers to the process by which a language ceases to be spoken by any living speakers, resulting in its extinction.

Ainu is an example of a language that is facing endangerment, as it is spoken by a small and declining number of people in Japan.

Language revitalization refers to the process of reviving a language that is facing endangerment, typically involving efforts to increase the number of speakers and promote its use in various domains.

The revival of Hebrew is an example of a successful language revitalization effort, as it was successfully revived as a spoken language in Israel after centuries of being used primarily as a liturgical language.

Language change refers to the process by which a language changes over time, including changes in its grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

The development of new words is an example of a language change, as it involves the addition of new words to a language's vocabulary.