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Biology Test

Description: This test is of biology which helps students to prepare for board exams of class XI & XII, .Also this contributes a major portion of Biology Syllabus of AIPMT.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: genes Leber hereditary optic neuropathy Acute intermittent porphyria Tangier disease Galactosemia Tyrosinemia Sensory disorders AIDS and Cancer: Causes and Control AIDS Mutation Cytoplasmic Inheritance Principles of Inheritance and Variation Skin Receptors Sensory Reception and Processing Epithelial Tissue
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Which of the following is the usual treatment of hemophilia A?

  1. Infusion of factor VIII as needed

  2. Blood transfusion

  3. Liver transplant

  4. Bone marrow transplant


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. Hemophila A is associated with episodes of bleeding. Current treatment involves infusion of factor VIII to promote blood clotting during a bleeding episode.

Which type of mutation would not be expected to be detected in a molecular diagnostic test that is based on sequencing each exon of a gene in genomic DNA from a male suspected of having an X-linked disorder?

  1. Missense mutation

  2. Nonsense mutation

  3. Deletion of an exon

  4. Inversion of part of the gene


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Yes, the inversion of part of gene cannot be detected . As it would not cause the exons to be absent or missing, and the sequencing reaction would not reveal that the exons are no longer arranged in the proper order on genomic DNA.

 

What are Amsterdam criteria used to assess?

  1. Risk of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer.

  2. Risk of familial adenomatosis polyposis.

  3. Risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.

  4. Risk of Cowden syndrome.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. The Amsterdam criteria are used to assess risk of HNPCC to guide identification of individuals for whom genetic testing may be helpful.

What is the major mechanism of HER-2/neu oncogene activation in breast cancer?

  1. Gene amplification

  2. Point mutation

  3. Translocation

  4. Deletion


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. HER-2/neu activation in breast cancer, the predominant genetic mechanism for oncogene activation is through an amplification of a gene. It is an important prognostic indicator.

What does clinical validity refer to?

  1. The accuracy with which a test identifies a mutation in a genetic variant present or absent.

  2. The accuracy with which a test identifies a mutation, which correctly predicts the presence or absence of a disease.

  3. The accuracy with which a test predicts the absence or presence of a gene.

  4. The accuracy with which a test can provide the prevention of a disease.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. Clinical validity refers to how well the genetic variant being analyzed is related to the presence, absence, or risk of a specific disease.

Polymorphism in the gene encoding a sodium channel, is associated with which of the following complications of treatment with specific drugs?

  1. Seizures

  2. Cardiac arrhythmia

  3. Renal damage

  4. Cirrhosis of the liver


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. Polymorphism of the SCN7 gene is assocated with drug-induced cardiac arrhythmia.

The basement membrane lies between the

  1. stratum basale and stratum spinosum

  2. stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum

  3. stratum granulosum and stratum corneum

  4. epidermis and dermis


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The basement membrane is a thin sheet of fibers. It lies between the epidermis and dermis and keeps the outer layer adhered closely to the lower layer.

Which of the following strata consist of dead and desquamating cells?

  1. Stratum corneum

  2. Stratum germinativum.

  3. Stratum basale

  4. Stratum spinosum


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead and desquamating cells.

The ducts in the male reproductive system are lined by ______________.

  1. simple squamous epithelium

  2. transitional epithelium

  3. cuboidal epithelium

  4. a pseudostratified columnar epithelium


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. A pseudostratified columnar epithelium forms the linning of the respiratory tract and of the ducts in the male reproductive system.

Mutation in the RET oncogene is associated with increased risk of _____________.

  1. colon cancer

  2. medullary thyroid cancer

  3. endometrial cancer

  4. prostate cancer


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. RET mutation is responsible for increased risk of medullary thyroid cancer, as well as multiple endocrine neoplasia 2, in which pheochromocytoma and parathyroid adenoma also occur.

Which of the following corpuscles respond to deep pressure?

  1. Merkel's touch corpuscles

  2. Meissner's corpuscles

  3. Pacinian corpuscles

  4. Renal corpuscle


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Yes, Pacinian corpuscles are simple nerve endings covered with multilamellar, ovoid structures resembling small onions. These corpuscles respond to deep pressure.

The cells that participate in the process of bone development and bone remodelling are _________.

  1. plasma cells

  2. osteocytes

  3. osteoblasts

  4. osteoclasts


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Yes, it is correct. Osteoblasts forms new bone lamellae. They are active in bone development and bone remodelling.

Inflammationa is a local response to cellular injury marked redness, pain, swelling etc. What stimulates this process?

  1. Fibroblasts

  2. Adipocytes

  3. Mast cells

  4. Lymphocytes


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Yes, it is correct. Mast cells acts as a secretory alarm cells of the body. Upon the slightest disturbance, they release chemical signals which diffuse through the surrounding ground substance and stimulate the process of inflammation.

Which of the following cell is involved in neural encoding of tactile sensation ?

  1. Melanocyte

  2. Langerhans cells

  3. Merkel cells

  4. Keratinocytes


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer.  Merkel cells are minute cells linked with nerve endings in epidermis. They are generally involved in neural encoding of tactile sensation.

Which of the following is associated with mutation of genes involved in mismatch DNA repair?

  1. Cervical cancer

  2. Neurofibromatosis type 1

  3. Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

  4. Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Yes, it is the correct answer. The genes involved in risk of HNPCC are involved in the process of DNA mismatch repair.

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