Institutionalism argues that international organizations can facilitate cooperation and reduce conflict by providing a framework for negotiation, communication, and the development of norms and rules.

Realism assumes that states are rational actors that seek to maximize their power and security in an anarchic international system.

Constructivism argues that states and international organizations are shaped by the ideas, norms, and culture of the international system, which influence their identities, interests, and behavior.

Domestic Politics Theory argues that the domestic political institutions and processes of states influence their foreign policy and participation in international organizations.

The bureaucratic politics approach focuses on the internal dynamics of international organizations, including the power struggles between different departments and the influence of bureaucratic interests on organizational decision-making.

Global Governance Theory argues that international organizations play a crucial role in addressing global challenges and promoting global justice by facilitating cooperation, setting norms, and providing a platform for collective action.

Liberalism argues that the spread of democracy and the promotion of human rights and individual liberties are essential for achieving peace and cooperation among states.

Transnationalism emphasizes the growing interconnectedness of the world and the increasing role of non-state actors in global governance, including their influence on international organizations.

The rational choice approach focuses on the strategic behavior of states and other actors in relation to international organizations, including their decisions to join or leave organizations, their participation in decision-making, and their compliance with organizational rules.

Dependency Theory argues that international organizations can perpetuate economic inequality and dependency by reinforcing the dominant position of developed countries and limiting the development prospects of developing countries.

Historical institutionalism focuses on the evolution and adaptation of international organizations over time, including how they respond to changing circumstances, learn from past experiences, and develop new norms and practices.

Human Rights Theory argues that international organizations play a crucial role in promoting human rights and protecting vulnerable populations by setting norms, monitoring compliance, and providing assistance to states and civil society organizations.

Network analysis focuses on the patterns of interaction and collaboration among international organizations, including how they form alliances, share information, and coordinate their activities.

Ecological Modernization Theory argues that international organizations can play a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability and addressing climate change by facilitating cooperation, setting standards, and providing financial and technical assistance.

Feminist institutionalism focuses on the role of gender in shaping the structure and functioning of international organizations, including how gender norms and power relations influence organizational decision-making and outcomes.