Archaeological laboratory methods aim to extract scientific information from artifacts and materials to understand their composition, age, function, and cultural significance.

Experimental archaeology is a field method that involves replicating past technologies and behaviors to gain insights into ancient lifeways. It is not typically conducted in a laboratory setting.

Radiocarbon dating is a technique used to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the amount of radioactive carbon-14 present in them.

Dendrochronology is the study of tree rings to determine the age of wooden artifacts and reconstruct past climates.

Lithic analysis involves the study of stone tools and their manufacturing techniques to understand the technological and cultural development of ancient societies.

Radiography is a non-destructive technique that uses X-rays to create images of the internal structure of artifacts, revealing hidden details and features.

Neutron activation analysis is a technique used to determine the elemental composition of artifacts by exposing them to neutrons and measuring the resulting gamma rays.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is a technique used to separate and identify organic compounds in artifacts, providing insights into their composition and origin.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is a technique used to determine the elemental composition of artifacts by introducing them into a plasma and measuring the resulting ions.

Phytolith analysis involves the study of microscopic remains of plants, known as phytoliths, to reconstruct past environments and understand the use of plants in ancient societies.

Zooarchaeology involves the study of animal bones and their cultural significance to understand ancient subsistence strategies, human-animal interactions, and environmental changes.

Micromorphology involves the examination of soil samples under a microscope to reconstruct past environments, including soil formation processes, climate changes, and human activities.

The study of ceramic artifacts in archaeology aims to understand technological developments, cultural interactions, and the social and economic organization of ancient societies.

Metallography involves the analysis of metal artifacts to determine their composition, microstructure, and provenance, providing insights into ancient metallurgy and trade networks.