Geology is the scientific study of the Earth's solid outer layer, including its composition, structure, and processes.

Geomagnetism is the branch of Geophysics that deals with the study of Earth's magnetic field and its variations.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat in Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

Earthquakes are primarily caused by the movement and interactions of tectonic plates, resulting in the release of energy.

Hydrology is the branch of Earth Science that deals with the study of Earth's water resources, including their distribution, movement, and properties.

P-waves, also known as primary waves, are the fastest seismic waves and can travel through both solid and liquid materials.

Weathering is the process by which rocks and minerals on Earth's surface are broken down into smaller particles by various physical, chemical, and biological agents.

Air pollution, particularly from the burning of fossil fuels, releases harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, leading to various environmental and health issues.

Meteorology is the branch of Earth Science that deals with the study of the Earth's atmosphere, including its composition, processes, and weather patterns.

Tsunamis are primarily caused by large earthquakes that occur beneath or near the ocean floor, generating powerful waves that travel across the ocean.

Aeolian processes are the processes by which wind transports and deposits sediment, shaping landscapes and forming features such as sand dunes.

S-waves, also known as secondary waves, are slower than P-waves and can only travel through solid materials.

Igneous processes are the processes by which rocks are formed from molten or partially molten material, such as magma or lava.

Water pollution is primarily caused by the release of untreated sewage and industrial waste into water bodies, leading to contamination and degradation of water quality.

Geophysics is the branch of Earth Science that deals with the study of the Earth's interior, including its composition, structure, and processes.