Formalism emphasizes the intrinsic qualities of an artwork, such as its composition, color, and shape, rather than its representational or symbolic content.

Cubism, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, is known for its emphasis on geometric forms and the deconstruction of objects into multiple perspectives.

Composition refers to the way elements such as lines, shapes, colors, and textures are arranged within an artwork to create a unified and visually pleasing whole.

Perspective is a technique used in art to create the illusion of depth and spatial relationships on a two-dimensional surface.

Value refers to the relative lightness or darkness of a color, ranging from pure white to pure black.

Red, yellow, and blue are considered primary colors because they cannot be created by mixing other colors.

Proportion refers to the relationship between the sizes of different elements within an artwork, creating a sense of harmony and unity.

Pattern refers to the repetition of visual elements, such as lines, shapes, or colors, to create a sense of unity and rhythm.

Mood refers to the overall emotional feeling or atmosphere conveyed by an artwork, often created through the use of color, composition, and other formal elements.

Texture refers to the physical surface quality of an artwork, created through the use of different materials, techniques, and brushstrokes.

Balance refers to the relationship between positive and negative space within an artwork, creating a sense of visual equilibrium.

Gradient refers to the gradual change in color or tone from one shade to another, creating a smooth transition.

Rhythm refers to the repetition of a visual element at regular intervals, creating a sense of movement and flow.

Color theory refers to the principles and practices of using color in art, including the relationships between different colors, their effects on each other, and their symbolic meanings.

Composition refers to the overall arrangement and organization of elements within an artwork, creating a sense of unity and coherence.