Karl Marx is widely recognized as the father of Marxism, a political and economic ideology that emphasizes the struggle between social classes and the ultimate triumph of the working class.

Class struggle is the central concept of Marxism, which posits that history is driven by the conflict between different social classes, particularly the bourgeoisie (capitalists) and the proletariat (working class).

Dialectical materialism is a Marxist theory that views history and society as constantly evolving through a process of conflict and resolution between opposing forces.

Surplus value is the difference between the value of a commodity and the cost of its production, which Marx argued is the source of profit for capitalists and the exploitation of workers.

The ultimate goal of Marxism is to establish a classless, stateless society where the means of production are owned in common and there is no exploitation or oppression.

Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevik Party and the main architect of the Russian Revolution in 1917, which led to the establishment of the Soviet Union.

The dictatorship of the proletariat is the transitional period between capitalism and communism, during which the working class holds political power and uses it to suppress the bourgeoisie and build a socialist society.

The First International, also known as the International Workingmen's Association, was founded in 1864 by Karl Marx and other socialist leaders to promote international cooperation among workers' organizations.

Leon Trotsky developed the theory of permanent revolution, which argues that the socialist revolution must be carried out in underdeveloped countries without waiting for the development of capitalism.

Imperialism is the process by which capitalist countries extend their power and influence over other countries, often through military force or economic domination.

Karl Marx developed the concept of alienation, which refers to the separation of workers from the products of their labor, from the process of production, from their fellow workers, and from their own human nature.

The Communist Manifesto is a pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, which outlines the basic principles of Marxism and calls for a proletarian revolution.

Karl Marx developed the theory of base and superstructure, which argues that the economic structure of society (the base) determines the political, legal, and cultural superstructure.

Worker self-management refers to the process of workers organizing and taking control of their workplaces, often through the establishment of worker cooperatives or employee-owned businesses.

Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of hegemony, which refers to the dominance of one social class over other classes through cultural and ideological means.