Gondwana was a supercontinent that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, comprising the southern landmasses that eventually separated to form the continents we know today.

Panthalassa was the vast ocean that encircled the supercontinent Pangea during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.

Laurasia was a supercontinent that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, comprising the northern landmasses that eventually separated to form the continents we know today.

The collision of the Indian subcontinent (part of Gondwana) with the Eurasian Plate (part of Laurasia) during the Cenozoic era resulted in the uplift of the Himalayas.

The Tethys Ocean was a vast ocean that separated the supercontinents Laurasia and Gondwana during the Mesozoic era.

Pangea was formed during the late Paleozoic era, specifically during the Permian period.

Gondwana included the landmasses that eventually formed the Indian subcontinent, which was part of the ancient supercontinent.

The breakup of Pangea occurred during the Mesozoic era, specifically during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

The Atlantic Ocean began to form during the Mesozoic era, separating North America from Europe and Africa.

The collision of the African and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic era resulted in the formation of the Ural Mountains.

The Atlantic Ocean began to form during the Mesozoic era, separating Africa from South America.

Rodinia was a supercontinent that existed during the Precambrian era, specifically during the Neoproterozoic period.

Panthalassa was the vast ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangea during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.

The collision of the North American and African plates during the Paleozoic era resulted in the formation of the Appalachian Mountains.

The Indian Ocean began to form during the Mesozoic era, separating Australia from Antarctica.