Priming is a cognitive process that involves the activation of certain associations in memory, which can then influence our thoughts and behaviors. While persuasion, agenda-setting, and cultivation are all ways that the media can influence our behavior, priming is not typically considered to be a media effect.

The theory of cultivation suggests that the media can influence our beliefs about the world, our values, and our attitudes. This is because the media provides us with a constant stream of information about the world, which can shape our perceptions of reality.

Availability bias is a cognitive bias that occurs when we judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily we can recall examples of that event. This is not typically considered to be a media bias, as it is a cognitive bias that can occur in any situation.

The spiral of silence theory suggests that people are less likely to express their opinions if they believe that they are in the minority. This is because they fear social isolation or negative consequences.

The media can be used to promote social change in a variety of ways, including raising awareness of social issues, providing a platform for marginalized voices, and challenging stereotypes and prejudices.

The media literacy movement seeks to teach people how to critically evaluate media messages, promote media diversity, and advocate for media regulation.

Framing is a cognitive bias that occurs when we interpret information in a certain way based on how it is presented to us. This is not typically considered to be a media manipulation, as it is a cognitive bias that can occur in any situation.

The gatekeeping process refers to the process by which media organizations decide which stories to cover, how to cover stories, and when to cover stories.

The media can be used to promote social justice in a variety of ways, including raising awareness of social injustices, providing a platform for marginalized voices, and challenging stereotypes and prejudices.

The third-person effect refers to the belief that media effects are more likely to occur to other people than to oneself.

Media regulation can take a variety of forms, including content regulation, ownership regulation, and market regulation.

The agenda-setting theory suggests that the media can influence the public's perception of the importance of certain issues, the public's attitudes towards certain issues, and the public's behavior.

The media can be used to promote public health in a variety of ways, including raising awareness of health issues, providing information about healthy behaviors, and challenging unhealthy stereotypes and norms.

The framing effect refers to the way that media messages are presented to the public, the way that the public interprets media messages, and the way that media messages influence the public's behavior.

The media can be used to promote environmental sustainability in a variety of ways, including raising awareness of environmental issues, providing information about sustainable behaviors, and challenging unsustainable stereotypes and norms.