Desertification is a complex process that involves the degradation of land in drylands, often caused by a combination of human activities and climatic factors.

Deforestation, overgrazing, and poor irrigation practices are all major contributors to desertification, as they lead to soil erosion, loss of vegetation, and disruption of water cycles.

Desertification has a devastating impact on poverty, as it undermines livelihoods, displaces communities, and contributes to health problems, creating a vicious cycle of poverty and environmental degradation.

The Sahel region of Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and Central Asia are all highly vulnerable to desertification due to their arid and semi-arid climates, coupled with human activities such as overgrazing and deforestation.

Climate change is a major driver of desertification, as rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns lead to drier conditions, soil erosion, and the loss of vegetation.

Addressing desertification and poverty requires a multifaceted approach that includes implementing sustainable land management practices, reforestation and afforestation efforts, promoting agroforestry and sustainable agriculture, and providing support to vulnerable communities.

Local communities have a crucial role to play in combating desertification by adopting sustainable farming practices, planting trees and restoring degraded land, conserving water, and raising awareness about the issue.

International cooperation is essential in addressing desertification and poverty, as it allows countries to share knowledge, provide assistance to affected regions, and work together to develop and implement effective policies and agreements.

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is the sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to promote sustainable land management.

The UNCCD aims to promote sustainable land management, combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought, and improve the living conditions of affected populations.

The UNCCD was adopted in 1994 and entered into force in 1996.

As of 2023, there are 197 countries that are party to the UNCCD.

The Global Mechanism of the UNCCD provides financial resources to affected countries, facilitates technology transfer and capacity building, and promotes knowledge sharing and partnerships.

The Great Green Wall is the UNCCD's flagship program to combat desertification and land degradation in Africa.

The goal of the Great Green Wall is to plant a wall of trees across Africa to stop desertification, restore degraded land, improve livelihoods, and promote sustainable land management practices.