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Biotechnology and Its Applications - 2

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Directions: The following question has four choices out of which ONLY ONE is correct.

Which of the following is used as the mainstay of treatment of hemochromatosis?

  1. Phlebotomy

  2. Blood transfusion

  3. Chelation therapy

  4. Iron therapy


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hemochromatosis results in iron overload, which is typically treated by phlebotomy.

Match the biologists given in Column I with their specific fields of achievements given in Column II.

 
Column I Column II
A. Alec Jefferey i. Cytogenetics and radiation genetics in plants
B. M. S. Swaminathan ii. Function of DNA ligase
C. Eli Lily iii. DNA finger printing technology
D. Mertz and Devis iv. Preparation of humulin
  1. A – ii, B – i, C – iv, D – iii

  2. A – iii, B – i, C – iv, D – ii

  3. A – iv, B – iii, C – ii, D – i

  4. A – ii, B – iv, C – i, D – iii


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

M. S. Swaminathan studied cytogenetics and radiation genetics in plants.

Match the tumour suppressor genes given in Column I with their cancers in Column II.

 
Column I Column II
A. APC gene i. Kidney carcinoma
B. RB gene ii. Neurofibroma
C. VHL gene iii. Colorectum carcinoma
D. NF-1 gene iv. Retinoblastoma
  1. A – iv, B – iii, C – i, D – ii

  2. A – iii, B – iv, C – ii, D – i

  3. A – iii, B – i, C – iv, D – ii

  4. A – iii, B – iv, C – i, D – ii

  5. A – ii, B – iii, C – i, D – iv


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Correct Answer: A – iii, B – iv, C – i, D – ii

Karyotyping can be done from

  1. only the sex cells in our body

  2. any cells in our body

  3. only the embryonic cells in our body

  4. only the uterus cells in our body


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cells in blood, hair, finger nails and any other tissue in our body can be cultured to create a karyotype of the chromosomes. 

By analysing a number of somatic cell hybrid lines for enzyme activities and their human chromosome constitution, the doctors can find out

  1. the number of chromosomes in the human genome

  2. the number of human chromosomes in each cell

  3. the location of gene on the chromosome that produces a specific enzyme

  4. the number of ribosomes in each cell


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

It is possible to correspond enzyme activity with a specific chromosome in a somatic cell hybrid.

Directions: The following question has four choices, out of which ONLY ONE is correct.

Testing an individual for HLA haplotype to determine risk of an autoimmune disease would be an example of

  1. diagnostic tests

  2. screening tests

  3. predispositional test

  4. predictive testing


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Determination of HLA haplotype is based on association of particular haplotype with risk of disease, particularly an auto-immune disease. 

What is the first step in the southern blot technique?

  1. Denaturation of DNA on gel for hybridisation with specific probe

  2. Production of a group of genetically identical cells

  3. Digestion of DNA by restriction enzyme

  4. Isolation of DNA from a nucleated cell, such as the one from a scene of crime.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Southern blot is a procedure used for identifying a specific gene.

OCT, XAM and CAM are

  1. plasmids used in DNA probe

  2. plasmids helpful in bioremediation

  3. plasmids used to produce disease-resistant plants

  4. plasmids to promote conjugation

  5. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

OCT, XAM and CAM are plasmids seen in Pseudomonas putida as anti-pollutants.

Which of the following is NOT a method applied in humans' genetic analysis?

  1. Karyotyping

  2. Pedigree analysis

  3. RFLP analysis

  4. Test cross


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Deliberate crosses are not used in studying the inheritance patterns of human beings.

Kohler and Milstein developed biotechnology for

  1. monoclonal antibodies

  2. steroid synthesis

  3. immobilisation of enzymes

  4. myeloma


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Monoclonal antibodies are pure, high affinity antibodies, specific for an antigen, which are obtained outside the body from clonal cultures of hybridoma cells. Monoclonal antibodies were first obtained by George Kohler and Cesar Milstein in 1974.

The mass of undifferentiated cells is called

  1. callus

  2. explant

  3. suspension culture

  4. leaven


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Callus is a mass of undifferentiated cells.

A 10 nucleotide sequence, i.e. RNA primer is constructed by

  1. primase

  2. DNA ligase

  3. helicase

  4. topoisomerase


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A 10-nucleotide sequence, i.e. RNA primer, is constructed by primase.

The enzyme used to cut the DNA molecule at specific site is

  1. restriction endonuclease

  2. DNA-ligase

  3. DNA-polymerase

  4. RNA-polymerases


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The enzyme used to cut the DNA molecule at specific site is restriction endonuclease, also known as molecular scissors.

Directions: Following question consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Assertion A’ and the other labelled as ‘Reason R’. You are to examine these statements carefully and decide if the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are individually true and if so, whether the Reason is a correct explanation for Assertion. Select your answer from the codes given below.

(A) : DNA ligase is used as a fusogenic agent in protoplasmic fusion technology. (R) : Fusogenic agent will promote the fusion of protoplasts.

  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

  2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

  3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.

  4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

DNA ligase is not used as a fusogenic agent in protoplasmic fusion technology. Fusogenic agent promotes the fusion of protoplasts.

Which of the following statements is true about complementary DNA (cDNA)?

  1. It is the “other strand” of a DNA.

  2. It does not need any template for its synthesis.

  3. It is the base sequence of the vector DNA.

  4. It is produced by reverse transcription.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Complementary DNA (cDNA) is produced by reverse transcription.

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