Ownership is not a characteristic of services. Services are intangible and cannot be owned.

Communication in service marketing serves multiple purposes, including informing customers, persuading them to purchase, and building relationships.

Personal selling is not typically considered a strategy for service marketing communication, as it is more commonly used in product marketing.

Customer experience management aims to achieve multiple goals, including increasing satisfaction, reducing complaints, and building loyalty.

Written encounter is not a type of service encounter. Service encounters typically involve direct interaction between the customer and the service provider.

A service blueprint serves multiple purposes, including mapping the customer journey, identifying touchpoints, and improving service quality.

Warranty is not a type of service guarantee. Warranties are typically associated with products, not services.

A service recovery strategy aims to achieve multiple goals, including resolving complaints, preventing defection, and building loyalty.

Product innovation is not a type of service innovation. Product innovation is typically associated with tangible goods, not services.

An SLA serves multiple purposes, including defining the expected level of service, setting performance targets, and establishing penalties for non-performance.

Penetration pricing is not a type of service pricing strategy. Penetration pricing is typically used for product marketing, not service marketing.

A service marketing audit serves multiple purposes, including evaluating the effectiveness of strategies, identifying areas for improvement, and making recommendations.

Empathy is not a type of service quality dimension. Empathy is typically associated with customer service, not service quality.

A CRM system serves multiple purposes in service marketing, including managing customer data, tracking interactions, and personalizing marketing efforts.

Observation is not a type of service marketing research method. Observation is typically used in product marketing research, not service marketing research.