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Language Variation and Change

Description: This quiz is designed to test your understanding of language variation and change.
Number of Questions: 14
Created by:
Tags: language variation language change dialectology sociolinguistics
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What is the term for the study of language variation and change?

  1. Dialectology

  2. Sociolinguistics

  3. Historical linguistics

  4. Psycholinguistics

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Dialectology is the study of language variation and change.

What are the two main types of language variation?

  1. Dialectal variation and social variation

  2. Geographical variation and temporal variation

  3. Standard variation and non-standard variation

  4. Formal variation and informal variation

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Dialectal variation is the variation that occurs between different dialects of a language, while social variation is the variation that occurs between different social groups.

What is the term for a language that has two or more dialects?

  1. Diglossia

  2. Polyglossia

  3. Heteroglossia

  4. Monoglossia

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Diglossia is the term for a language that has two or more dialects that are used in different social situations.

What is the term for the process by which a language changes over time?

  1. Language shift

  2. Language death

  3. Language change

  4. Language revitalization

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Language change is the process by which a language changes over time.

What are the three main types of language change?

  1. Sound change, grammatical change, and lexical change

  2. Semantic change, morphological change, and syntactic change

  3. Phonological change, morphological change, and syntactic change

  4. Lexical change, semantic change, and pragmatic change

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main types of language change are sound change, grammatical change, and lexical change.

What is the term for the process by which a language becomes extinct?

  1. Language shift

  2. Language death

  3. Language revitalization

  4. Language endangerment

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Language death is the process by which a language becomes extinct.

What are the three main factors that contribute to language change?

  1. Internal factors, external factors, and social factors

  2. Geographical factors, temporal factors, and social factors

  3. Economic factors, political factors, and cultural factors

  4. Linguistic factors, psychological factors, and social factors

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main factors that contribute to language change are internal factors (such as sound change and grammatical change), external factors (such as contact with other languages and social change), and social factors (such as the prestige of a language and the attitudes of its speakers).

What is the term for the process by which a language is revived after it has become extinct?

  1. Language shift

  2. Language death

  3. Language revitalization

  4. Language endangerment

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Language revitalization is the process by which a language is revived after it has become extinct.

What are the three main types of language revitalization?

  1. Top-down revitalization, bottom-up revitalization, and community-based revitalization

  2. Government-led revitalization, community-led revitalization, and school-led revitalization

  3. Native speaker-led revitalization, non-native speaker-led revitalization, and academic-led revitalization

  4. Urban revitalization, rural revitalization, and international revitalization

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main types of language revitalization are top-down revitalization (which is led by governments or other institutions), bottom-up revitalization (which is led by communities of speakers), and community-based revitalization (which is a combination of top-down and bottom-up revitalization).

What are the three main challenges to language revitalization?

  1. Lack of funding, lack of speakers, and lack of political support

  2. Lack of resources, lack of motivation, and lack of community support

  3. Lack of knowledge, lack of materials, and lack of technology

  4. Lack of interest, lack of awareness, and lack of access

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main challenges to language revitalization are lack of funding, lack of speakers, and lack of political support.

What are the three main benefits of language revitalization?

  1. Preservation of cultural heritage, promotion of economic development, and enhancement of social cohesion

  2. Promotion of linguistic diversity, enhancement of educational opportunities, and improvement of health outcomes

  3. Preservation of traditional knowledge, promotion of cultural tourism, and enhancement of environmental sustainability

  4. Promotion of peace and understanding, enhancement of human rights, and improvement of global communication

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main benefits of language revitalization are preservation of cultural heritage, promotion of economic development, and enhancement of social cohesion.

What is the term for the process by which a language becomes more similar to another language?

  1. Language convergence

  2. Language divergence

  3. Language shift

  4. Language death

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Language convergence is the process by which a language becomes more similar to another language.

What are the three main factors that contribute to language convergence?

  1. Geographical proximity, social contact, and economic interdependence

  2. Political factors, cultural factors, and linguistic factors

  3. Internal factors, external factors, and social factors

  4. Top-down factors, bottom-up factors, and community-based factors

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main factors that contribute to language convergence are geographical proximity, social contact, and economic interdependence.

What are the three main types of language convergence?

  1. Structural convergence, lexical convergence, and semantic convergence

  2. Phonological convergence, morphological convergence, and syntactic convergence

  3. Top-down convergence, bottom-up convergence, and community-based convergence

  4. Internal convergence, external convergence, and social convergence

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main types of language convergence are structural convergence (which is the convergence of grammatical structures), lexical convergence (which is the convergence of words and phrases), and semantic convergence (which is the convergence of meanings).

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