Food packaging serves multiple purposes, including protecting food from contamination, maintaining food quality and freshness, and providing information about the food product.

Flexible packaging, such as plastic bags and wraps, is often associated with higher levels of food waste due to its susceptibility to damage and contamination, leading to shorter shelf life and increased likelihood of spoilage.

Trimming, peeling, and coring are all examples of processes used to remove inedible parts of food before packaging, reducing food waste and improving the quality of the packaged product.

Modified atmosphere packaging involves replacing the air inside the packaging with a controlled mixture of gases, typically oxygen and carbon dioxide, to slow down the ripening and spoilage processes, extending the shelf life of fresh produce.

Polyethylene is the primary material used in the production of flexible food packaging due to its flexibility, low cost, and ability to provide a barrier against moisture and oxygen.

Tetra Paks are a type of packaging commonly used for beverages and liquid products, consisting of a multilayer structure that provides protection against light, oxygen, and moisture.

Food packaging can contribute to environmental concerns such as the generation of plastic waste, greenhouse gas emissions during production and disposal, and water pollution from improper waste management.

Intelligent packaging is designed to change its properties in response to changes in the food product, such as indicating spoilage or providing information about the food's quality and freshness.

Vacuum packaging involves removing oxygen from the packaging to create a low-oxygen environment, which helps to slow down the growth of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of food products.

Metal cans are commonly used for products that require a long shelf life due to their ability to provide a hermetic seal, preventing the entry of oxygen and moisture, and protecting the food from spoilage.

The recycling of food packaging faces challenges such as contamination with food residue, the use of different types of materials in packaging, and the lack of adequate recycling infrastructure, making it difficult to effectively recycle food packaging waste.

Rigid packaging, such as glass jars or metal cans, is commonly used for products that require a high level of protection, as it provides structural support and prevents damage to the food product during transportation and handling.

Active packaging involves adding antimicrobial agents or other substances to the packaging material to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, extending the shelf life of food products.

Aseptic packaging involves sterilizing the food product and the packaging material separately before filling and sealing the package in a sterile environment, ensuring the product's sterility and extending its shelf life.

Sustainable food packaging aims to minimize environmental impact, reduce food waste, and improve food quality and safety by using eco-friendly materials, reducing packaging waste, and employing innovative packaging technologies.