Andromeda, also known as M31, is the closest major galaxy to our Milky Way, located approximately 2.5 million light-years away.

Our Milky Way galaxy is part of the Laniakea Supercluster, which is one of the largest known superclusters in the universe.

The Big Bang theory suggests that the universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old.

Cosmic expansion refers to the observed expansion of the universe, where distant galaxies are moving away from us at an accelerating rate.

Edwin Hubble's observations of distant galaxies provided evidence for the expanding universe.

The Cosmic Microwave Background is the remnant radiation from the early universe, providing valuable insights into its origin and evolution.

Gravitational lensing is the bending of light around massive objects, causing distant objects to appear distorted or magnified.

Spiral galaxies, like our Milky Way, have a central bulge and distinct spiral arms.

The Abell 2218 Cluster is renowned for its strong gravitational lensing effects, allowing astronomers to study distant galaxies in great detail.

Cosmic acceleration refers to the observed acceleration in the expansion of the universe, attributed to the influence of dark energy.

Elliptical galaxies are characterized by their smooth, featureless appearance and lack of prominent spiral arms.

Sagittarius A* is the supermassive black hole located at the center of our Milky Way galaxy.

Irregular galaxies have an irregular shape and lack a well-defined structure, often appearing chaotic and fragmented.

The cosmic web refers to the large-scale structure of the universe, where galaxies and galaxy clusters form intricate filaments and voids.

Lenticular galaxies have a lens-shaped structure and lack prominent spiral arms, but they possess a central bulge like elliptical galaxies.