Transformation, transduction, and conjugation are all methods used in genetic engineering to transfer genetic material between organisms.

Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the manipulation and recombination of genetic material.

Cloning involves the insertion of a gene into a plasmid or virus, which is then transferred into a host organism to produce multiple copies of the gene.

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size, allowing for the analysis and identification of specific DNA sequences.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence by repeatedly copying it using a DNA polymerase.

Genetic engineering is the technology that allows for the modification of an organism's genome by introducing or removing specific genes or DNA sequences.

DNA sequencing is the technique used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, allowing for the identification and analysis of genes and genetic variations.

Transfection is the process of introducing genetic material into a cell using a virus as a vector, allowing for the delivery of genes or therapeutic molecules into cells.

Biotechnology is the technology that involves the use of living organisms or their components to develop useful products or processes, including genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural applications.

Transduction is the process of transferring a gene from one organism to another using a bacterium as a vector, allowing for the exchange of genetic material between different organisms.

Southern blotting is a technique used to detect the presence of a specific DNA sequence in a sample by transferring DNA fragments from a gel onto a membrane and then hybridizing them with a labeled probe.

Conjugation is the process of transferring genetic material from a donor cell to a recipient cell through direct cell-to-cell contact, allowing for the exchange of genetic information between bacteria.

Agricultural biotechnology is the technology that involves the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to produce useful products or processes in agriculture, such as improved crop yields, pest resistance, and enhanced nutritional value.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence in a sample using a DNA polymerase and a pair of primers, allowing for the production of multiple copies of the target DNA sequence.

Liposome-mediated transfection is the process of introducing genetic material into a cell using a liposome as a vector, allowing for the delivery of genes or therapeutic molecules into cells.