Profilometry is a technique used to measure the surface roughness of optical components by scanning a stylus or light beam across the surface and recording the variations in height.

A Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is used to measure the phase distortion of a wavefront by dividing it into an array of subapertures and analyzing the resulting intensity distribution.

A lensometer is a device used to measure the focal length of a lens by focusing a collimated beam of light on the lens and measuring the distance between the lens and the focal point.

A Fizeau interferometer is used to measure the surface flatness of optical components by comparing the wavefront reflected from the test surface with a reference wavefront.

A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the transmission of optical components by measuring the intensity of light at different wavelengths.

A Michelson interferometer is used to measure the wavelength of light by measuring the interference pattern created by splitting a beam of light into two paths and recombining them.

A reflectometer is a device used to measure the reflectance of optical components by measuring the intensity of light reflected from the surface.

A Schlieren interferometer is used to visualize density variations in transparent media by converting these variations into changes in the refractive index, which in turn cause distortions in the wavefront.

An ellipsometer is a device used to measure the thickness of optical coatings by analyzing the change in polarization state of light reflected from the coating.

A polarimeter is a device used to measure the polarization state of light by analyzing the intensity of light transmitted through a polarizer.

A refractometer is a device used to measure the refractive index of optical materials by measuring the angle of refraction of light passing through the material.

A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the transmission of optical components by measuring the intensity of light at different wavelengths.

A photodetector is a device used to measure the intensity of light by converting it into an electrical signal.

An autocollimator is a device used to measure the angular deviation of a beam of light by comparing it with a reference beam.

An interferometer is a device used to measure the wavefront aberration of optical components by comparing the wavefront under test with a reference wavefront.