Musical Emotionalism is the theory that music has the ability to directly express and arouse emotions in listeners.

Nietzsche believed that music's primary purpose is to stir up and intensify emotions, particularly those of a Dionysian nature.

Absolute music is music that is not intended to represent or depict anything outside of itself, but rather exists as an independent and self-contained art form.

Plato believed that music has a profound effect on the human soul, capable of both inspiring virtue and purging negative emotions.

Musical Symbolism refers to the use of musical elements, such as melodies, harmonies, and rhythms, to represent or symbolize abstract concepts or ideas.

Wagner's operas, such as the Ring Cycle, exemplify the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, where music, drama, and visual elements are seamlessly integrated to create a unified artistic experience.

Musical Universalism is the belief that music has the ability to communicate with people of all cultures and backgrounds, regardless of their language or cultural differences.

Schopenhauer believed that music is a direct expression of the world's inner essence, capable of revealing profound truths that cannot be grasped through rational thought.

Musical Philosophy refers to the use of music as a medium for expressing or exploring philosophical ideas and concepts.

Shostakovich's music, particularly his symphonies, often contained hidden messages and references to political events and social issues in the Soviet Union.

Music Therapy is the use of music to improve or maintain physical, psychological, and social well-being.

Nietzsche believed that music, like play, can offer a temporary escape from the constraints of everyday life and allow for a sense of creative expression and freedom.

Musical Existentialism is the use of music to explore and express the existential themes of human existence, such as freedom, responsibility, and the search for meaning.

Mahler's symphonies are known for their grand scale, emotional intensity, and use of complex harmonies and orchestration to create a sense of awe and wonder.

Sacred Music refers to music that is composed for or associated with religious or spiritual purposes.