The Frankfurt School's Theory of Emancipation seeks to achieve a comprehensive transformation of society that would liberate individuals from the constraints of capitalism, promote social justice and equality, and create a more democratic and participatory society.

Negative Dialectics, One-Dimensional Man, and The Culture Industry are all key concepts in the Frankfurt School's Theory of Emancipation. Negative Dialectics is a method of critical thinking that seeks to expose the contradictions and limitations of existing social and political structures. One-Dimensional Man is a critique of modern society, which is seen as being dominated by a one-dimensional, instrumental rationality that suppresses individuality and freedom. The Culture Industry is a critique of the mass media, which is seen as being a tool of social control that manipulates and commodifies culture.

Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, Herbert Marcuse, and Jürgen Habermas are all considered to be important members of the Frankfurt School. Horkheimer was the director of the Institute for Social Research, which was the home of the Frankfurt School. Adorno was a philosopher and sociologist who is known for his work on negative dialectics and the culture industry. Marcuse was a philosopher and political theorist who is known for his critique of modern society and his concept of one-dimensional man. Habermas is a philosopher and sociologist who is known for his work on communicative action and the public sphere.

The Frankfurt School's critique of capitalism is multifaceted. They argue that capitalism is a system of exploitation that alienates workers from their labor, a system of domination that creates a class society, and a system of commodification that turns everything into a commodity. They also argue that capitalism is a system of irrationality that leads to social and environmental crises.

The Frankfurt School's vision of a free and just society is one in which individuals are free from exploitation and oppression, there is social justice and equality, and individuals are able to develop their full potential. They argue that such a society can only be achieved through a radical transformation of capitalism.