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Hard Determinism: The Unwavering Chain of Causation

Description: Hard Determinism: The Unwavering Chain of Causation
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: philosophy philosophy of mind determinism free will
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According to hard determinism, what is the relationship between an event and its cause?

  1. The event is completely determined by its cause.

  2. The event is partially determined by its cause.

  3. The event is independent of its cause.

  4. The event is caused by a random factor.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hard determinism asserts that every event is completely determined by its prior causes, leaving no room for chance or free will.

What is the main argument in favor of hard determinism?

  1. The laws of nature are deterministic.

  2. Human beings are physical beings.

  3. The past is fixed.

  4. All of the above.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hard determinists argue that the laws of nature are deterministic, human beings are physical beings, and the past is fixed, all of which lead to the conclusion that every event is completely determined.

What is the main argument against hard determinism?

  1. The laws of nature are not deterministic.

  2. Human beings are not physical beings.

  3. The past is not fixed.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Critics of hard determinism argue that the laws of nature are not deterministic, human beings are not purely physical beings, and the past is not fixed, all of which undermine the determinist position.

If hard determinism is true, does it mean that we have no free will?

  1. Yes.

  2. No.

  3. It depends.

  4. It is unknown.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hard determinism implies that every event, including our actions, is completely determined by prior causes, leaving no room for genuine free will.

What is the problem of evil often used to argue against hard determinism?

  1. If God is all-powerful and all-good, why does evil exist?

  2. If God is all-knowing and all-loving, why does he allow suffering?

  3. If God is all-just and all-merciful, why does he punish people for sins they could not avoid?

  4. All of the above.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The problem of evil is a classic argument against the existence of an all-powerful, all-good, and all-knowing God, and it can be used to challenge the idea of hard determinism as well.

What is the concept of 'causal determinism' in the context of hard determinism?

  1. The idea that every event is caused by a prior event.

  2. The idea that every event is caused by a supernatural force.

  3. The idea that every event is caused by a random factor.

  4. The idea that every event is caused by a combination of factors.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Causal determinism is the idea that every event is caused by a prior event, and it is a fundamental principle of hard determinism.

What is the 'compatibilist' view on the relationship between determinism and free will?

  1. Determinism and free will are compatible.

  2. Determinism and free will are incompatible.

  3. Determinism and free will are independent.

  4. Determinism and free will are irrelevant.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Compatibilism is the view that determinism and free will are not necessarily incompatible, and that it is possible for both to coexist.

What is the 'libertarian' view on the relationship between determinism and free will?

  1. Determinism and free will are compatible.

  2. Determinism and free will are incompatible.

  3. Determinism and free will are independent.

  4. Determinism and free will are irrelevant.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Libertarianism is the view that determinism and free will are incompatible, and that genuine free will requires the absence of determinism.

What is the 'hard incompatibilist' view on the relationship between determinism and free will?

  1. Determinism and free will are compatible.

  2. Determinism and free will are incompatible.

  3. Determinism and free will are independent.

  4. Determinism and free will are irrelevant.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hard incompatibilism is a stronger version of libertarianism that holds that determinism and free will are not only incompatible, but that determinism logically entails the absence of free will.

What is the 'soft incompatibilist' view on the relationship between determinism and free will?

  1. Determinism and free will are compatible.

  2. Determinism and free will are incompatible.

  3. Determinism and free will are independent.

  4. Determinism and free will are irrelevant.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Soft incompatibilism is a weaker version of libertarianism that holds that determinism and free will are incompatible, but that it is possible for determinism to be true without entailing the absence of free will.

What is the 'Frankfurt-style' counterexample to the principle of alternate possibilities?

  1. The case of the man who is forced to choose between saving his wife or his child.

  2. The case of the man who is hypnotized to believe that he is a chicken.

  3. The case of the man who is given a drug that makes him unable to control his actions.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Frankfurt-style counterexamples challenge the principle of alternate possibilities, which is often used to argue for the necessity of free will.

What is the 'Molinist' view on the relationship between God's foreknowledge and human freedom?

  1. God's foreknowledge does not limit human freedom.

  2. God's foreknowledge logically entails human freedom.

  3. God's foreknowledge is irrelevant to human freedom.

  4. None of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Molinism is a theological view that attempts to reconcile God's foreknowledge with human freedom by arguing that God's knowledge of future events does not determine those events.

What is the 'Open Theism' view on the relationship between God's foreknowledge and human freedom?

  1. God does not have complete foreknowledge of future events.

  2. God's foreknowledge is limited by human freedom.

  3. God's foreknowledge is irrelevant to human freedom.

  4. None of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Open Theism is a theological view that challenges the traditional notion of God's omniscience by arguing that God does not have complete foreknowledge of future events.

What is the 'compatibilist' view on the relationship between determinism and moral responsibility?

  1. Determinism is compatible with moral responsibility.

  2. Determinism is incompatible with moral responsibility.

  3. Determinism is independent of moral responsibility.

  4. Determinism is irrelevant to moral responsibility.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Compatibilism is the view that determinism and moral responsibility are not necessarily incompatible, and that it is possible for both to coexist.

What is the 'incompatibilist' view on the relationship between determinism and moral responsibility?

  1. Determinism is compatible with moral responsibility.

  2. Determinism is incompatible with moral responsibility.

  3. Determinism is independent of moral responsibility.

  4. Determinism is irrelevant to moral responsibility.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Incompatibilism is the view that determinism and moral responsibility are incompatible, and that genuine moral responsibility requires the absence of determinism.

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