While open-ended, surprise, and ironic denouements are common in contemporary short stories, tragic denouements are less common.

An open-ended denouement leaves the reader with a sense of ambiguity or uncertainty about the outcome of the story.

A surprise denouement is one that is unexpected and catches the reader off guard. The revelation that the antagonist is the protagonist's long-lost sibling is an example of this type of denouement.

An ironic denouement is one in which the outcome of the story is the opposite of what the reader expected.

An ironic denouement is one in which the outcome of the story is the opposite of what the reader expected. The betrayal of the protagonist by their best friend is an example of this type of denouement.

The denouement of a short story is typically found at the end of the story, where the conflict is resolved and the story is brought to a close.

A denouement that occurs in the middle of the story is one in which the conflict is resolved before the end of the story. The discovery of a hidden treasure by the protagonist is an example of this type of denouement.

A denouement that occurs throughout the story is one in which the conflict is resolved gradually over the course of the story.

A denouement that occurs throughout the story is one in which the conflict is resolved gradually over the course of the story. The protagonist's achievement of their goal after overcoming many obstacles is an example of this type of denouement.

Foreshadowing is a technique used to hint at events that will happen later in the story. It is not a common element of a denouement, which is focused on resolving the conflict and bringing the story to a close.

Catharsis is a feeling of relief and release that is often experienced by readers at the end of a story. It is a common element of a denouement.

Closure is a feeling of relief and release that is often experienced by readers at the end of a story. It is a common element of a denouement.

While open-ended, surprise, and ironic closures are common in contemporary short stories, tragic closures are less common.

An open-ended closure leaves the reader with a sense of ambiguity or uncertainty about the outcome of the story.

An open-ended closure leaves the reader with a sense of ambiguity or uncertainty about the outcome of the story. The discovery of a hidden treasure by the protagonist is an example of this type of closure.