Aurora borealis, also known as the northern lights, is a natural light display in the sky caused by the interaction of charged particles from the sun with the Earth's atmosphere. While it is a beautiful phenomenon, it does not directly affect satellite communications.

Solar flares can disrupt satellite communications through a combination of increased solar radiation, geomagnetic storms, and radio blackouts. The increased solar radiation can cause the satellite's solar panels to generate more power than they can handle, leading to damage. Geomagnetic storms can disrupt the Earth's magnetic field, which can interfere with satellite communications. Radio blackouts can block radio signals from reaching satellites, preventing them from communicating with Earth.

Geomagnetic storms can disrupt satellite communications primarily by disrupting the Earth's magnetic field. This disruption can cause the satellite's compass to malfunction, leading to errors in navigation and attitude control. It can also interfere with radio signals, causing them to be distorted or blocked.

Increasing the satellite's altitude does not mitigate the effects of space weather on satellite communications. In fact, it can make the satellite more susceptible to damage from space weather events, as it will be exposed to higher levels of radiation and charged particles.

Using radiation-hardened components and employing adaptive routing techniques are both common strategies for mitigating the effects of space weather on satellite communications. Radiation-hardened components are designed to withstand the harsh conditions of space, while adaptive routing techniques allow satellites to reroute their signals around areas affected by space weather events.