The Principle of Double Effect allows for the performance of an action that has both a good and a bad effect, provided that the good effect is intended and the bad effect is foreseen but not intended.

The Principle of Double Effect does not require that the good effect outweigh the bad effect. However, it does require that the good effect be intended and the bad effect be foreseen but not intended.

Lying to someone in order to spare their feelings is an example of an action that would be permitted under the Principle of Double Effect because the good effect (sparing someone's feelings) is intended and the bad effect (lying) is foreseen but not intended.

Killing an innocent person in order to save five other innocent people is an example of an action that would not be permitted under the Principle of Double Effect because the bad effect (killing an innocent person) is intended.

A common objection to the Principle of Double Effect is that it is too permissive and allows for the justification of immoral actions. Critics argue that the principle allows for the performance of actions that have foreseeable bad effects, even if those effects are not intended.

A common defense of the Principle of Double Effect is that it is a necessary tool for making moral decisions in complex situations. Defenders argue that the principle allows for the consideration of all relevant factors in a moral decision, including the intended and unintended effects of an action.

The Principle of Double Effect is most closely associated with the philosopher Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas developed the principle in the 13th century as a way to address the moral problems posed by actions that have both good and bad effects.

The Principle of Double Effect might be applied in a situation where a doctor is performing surgery on a patient, knowing that there is a risk of death. The doctor intends to save the patient's life, but they foresee the possibility of death as an unintended consequence of the surgery.

The Principle of Double Effect would not be applied in a situation where a parent is spanking their child. The parent intends to punish the child, and the pain that the child experiences is an intended consequence of the spanking.

This is an open-ended question that allows students to express their own opinions on the Principle of Double Effect. There is no right or wrong answer.