Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are non-renewable energy sources as they are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals over millions of years.

Solar energy is abundant and widely available, making it a sustainable and reliable source of energy.

Wind turbines are designed to capture the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it into electrical energy.

Energy efficiency focuses on reducing energy consumption while maintaining or improving the level of service.

Using energy-efficient appliances, such as LED lights and energy-efficient refrigerators, reduces energy consumption in buildings.

Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, are intermittent, meaning their availability depends on weather conditions.

Pumped hydro storage involves storing energy by pumping water uphill during periods of low demand and releasing it downhill through turbines to generate electricity during periods of high demand.

The Kyoto Protocol was an international agreement aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change.

China is the world's largest producer of solar energy, accounting for a significant portion of global solar power generation.

Net zero refers to achieving a balance between greenhouse gas emissions and removals, resulting in no net impact on the atmosphere.

IRENA is an intergovernmental organization dedicated to promoting the adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy worldwide.

Energy payback time is the period required for a renewable energy system to generate enough energy to offset the energy used in its construction and operation.

Energy efficiency measures typically lead to reduced energy consumption and lower greenhouse gas emissions.

A smart grid utilizes digital technology to monitor and control the flow of electricity, enabling more efficient and reliable energy distribution.

Carbon RECs are not a type of renewable energy certificate, as they represent carbon offsets rather than renewable energy generation.