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Propositional Logic: Logical Arguments and Informal Fallacies

Description: Propositional Logic: Logical Arguments and Informal Fallacies
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: propositional logic logical arguments informal fallacies
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Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.

  2. All dogs are mammals. All mammals are animals. Therefore, all dogs are animals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. No cats are dogs. All dogs are animals. Therefore, no cats are animals.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. The first premise states that all dogs are mammals, and the second premise states that all mammals are animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that all dogs are animals.

Which of the following is an example of an informal fallacy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Begging the question

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All of the above are examples of informal fallacies. Ad hominem is an attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Straw man is misrepresenting the opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Begging the question is assuming the conclusion in the premises of the argument.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it is raining.

  2. All dogs are mammals. All mammals are animals. Therefore, all dogs are animals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. No cats are dogs. All dogs are animals. Therefore, no cats are animals.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. The first premise states that all dogs are mammals, and the second premise states that all mammals are animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that all dogs are animals.

Which of the following is an example of an informal fallacy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Begging the question

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All of the above are examples of informal fallacies. Ad hominem is an attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Straw man is misrepresenting the opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Begging the question is assuming the conclusion in the premises of the argument.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it is raining.

  2. All dogs are mammals. All mammals are animals. Therefore, all dogs are animals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. No cats are dogs. All dogs are animals. Therefore, no cats are animals.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. The first premise states that all dogs are mammals, and the second premise states that all mammals are animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that all dogs are animals.

Which of the following is an example of an informal fallacy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Begging the question

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All of the above are examples of informal fallacies. Ad hominem is an attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Straw man is misrepresenting the opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Begging the question is assuming the conclusion in the premises of the argument.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it is raining.

  2. All dogs are mammals. All mammals are animals. Therefore, all dogs are animals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. No cats are dogs. All dogs are animals. Therefore, no cats are animals.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. The first premise states that all dogs are mammals, and the second premise states that all mammals are animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that all dogs are animals.

Which of the following is an example of an informal fallacy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Begging the question

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All of the above are examples of informal fallacies. Ad hominem is an attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Straw man is misrepresenting the opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Begging the question is assuming the conclusion in the premises of the argument.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it is raining.

  2. All dogs are mammals. All mammals are animals. Therefore, all dogs are animals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. No cats are dogs. All dogs are animals. Therefore, no cats are animals.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. The first premise states that all dogs are mammals, and the second premise states that all mammals are animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that all dogs are animals.

Which of the following is an example of an informal fallacy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Begging the question

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All of the above are examples of informal fallacies. Ad hominem is an attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Straw man is misrepresenting the opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Begging the question is assuming the conclusion in the premises of the argument.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it is raining.

  2. All dogs are mammals. All mammals are animals. Therefore, all dogs are animals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. No cats are dogs. All dogs are animals. Therefore, no cats are animals.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. The first premise states that all dogs are mammals, and the second premise states that all mammals are animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that all dogs are animals.

Which of the following is an example of an informal fallacy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Begging the question

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All of the above are examples of informal fallacies. Ad hominem is an attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Straw man is misrepresenting the opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Begging the question is assuming the conclusion in the premises of the argument.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it is raining.

  2. All dogs are mammals. All mammals are animals. Therefore, all dogs are animals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. No cats are dogs. All dogs are animals. Therefore, no cats are animals.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. The first premise states that all dogs are mammals, and the second premise states that all mammals are animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that all dogs are animals.

Which of the following is an example of an informal fallacy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Begging the question

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All of the above are examples of informal fallacies. Ad hominem is an attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Straw man is misrepresenting the opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Begging the question is assuming the conclusion in the premises of the argument.

Which of the following is a valid logical argument?

  1. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it is raining.

  2. All dogs are mammals. All mammals are animals. Therefore, all dogs are animals.

  3. Some birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.

  4. No cats are dogs. All dogs are animals. Therefore, no cats are animals.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is a valid logical argument because the conclusion follows logically from the premises. The first premise states that all dogs are mammals, and the second premise states that all mammals are animals. Therefore, it can be concluded that all dogs are animals.

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