Johannes Gutenberg is credited with inventing the printing press in the 15th century.

Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory in the 16th century, which stated that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.

The steam engine, invented by James Watt in the 18th century, led to the development of steam-powered locomotives and ships, revolutionizing transportation.

Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, was the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth.

Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989, revolutionizing the way people access information.

Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928 led to the development of antibiotics, revolutionizing the treatment of infectious diseases.

The Turing test, proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.

The telegraph, invented in the 19th century, allowed for the transmission of messages over long distances using electrical signals.

James Watson and Francis Crick's discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 was a major breakthrough in the field of genetics.

The phonograph, invented by Thomas Edison in the 19th century, allowed for the recording and playback of sound.

The launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union in 1957 marked the beginning of the space race and was a major breakthrough in space exploration.

The internet, developed in the 20th century, revolutionized communication by allowing people to share information and connect with each other globally.

Albert Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905 was a major breakthrough in quantum mechanics.

The camera, invented in the 19th century, allowed for the capture and storage of images.

Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity, published in 1905, was a major breakthrough in the field of physics.