Ancient Egyptian women were renowned for their knowledge and skills in gynecology, including childbirth and women's health.

Agnodike, a Greek physician, disguised herself as a man to study medicine and later became a prominent gynecologist.

In ancient Rome, women were primarily allowed to treat female patients and children, while men were more commonly seen as physicians for male patients.

Bian Que, a Chinese female physician, made significant advancements in acupuncture and moxibustion, two traditional Chinese medicine techniques.

Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine system, included women as healers and practitioners, who contributed to its development and practice.

Umm Kulthum, a Persian female physician, authored a medical textbook that provided valuable insights into ancient Persian medicine.

Ancient Mesoamerican women were skilled in treating bone fractures and other orthopedic injuries using traditional methods.

Merit Ptah, an ancient Egyptian female physician, is considered to be the first woman to hold the prestigious title of 'Chief Physician'.

Women in ancient Greece faced significant barriers to formal medical education, but some overcame these challenges by disguising themselves as men, studying with private tutors, or attending medical lectures in secret.

Cleopatra, the famous Egyptian queen, was also known for her knowledge of pharmacology and her contributions to the development of various medicinal remedies.

In ancient China, some women gained medical knowledge and experience by working as midwives, which allowed them to learn about childbirth and women's health.

Sushruta, an ancient Indian female physician, made significant contributions to the field of surgery, including the development of surgical instruments and techniques.

In ancient Persia, women faced restrictions in practicing medicine, including limitations on treating male patients, performing surgery, and teaching medicine.

Mayahuel, an ancient Mesoamerican female physician, is known for her contributions to herbal medicine and her association with the maguey plant, which was used for medicinal purposes.