Plato believed that intellectual beauty, represented by knowledge and wisdom, is the highest form of beauty and the ultimate source of value.

Kant argued that aesthetic value arises from the subjective experience of pleasure or displeasure, rather than from objective properties of the object itself.

Kant's theory of 'disinterestedness' suggests that aesthetic appreciation involves a disinterested contemplation of beauty, free from personal desires or practical concerns.

Nietzsche believed that beauty is not an objective property of reality but rather a subjective interpretation that varies across individuals and cultures.

Symmetry refers to the balanced and harmonious arrangement of elements in a work of art or design, often considered a key principle of beauty.

Plato believed that beauty is a reflection of the good and that contemplating beauty can lead to moral improvement and virtue.

Objectivism in aesthetics holds that beauty is an objective property of objects that can be rationally understood and appreciated by all individuals.

Kant's theory of 'aesthetic disinterestedness' suggests that aesthetic appreciation involves a disinterested contemplation of beauty, free from personal desires or practical concerns.

Subjectivism in aesthetics holds that beauty is a subjective experience that is unique to each individual and cannot be objectively evaluated.

Plato believed that beauty is a reflection of the good and that contemplating beauty can lead to knowledge and insight into the nature of reality.

Relativism in aesthetics holds that beauty is a cultural and historical construct that varies across societies and time periods, and that there is no universal or objective standard of beauty.

Aristotle believed that beauty is a source of pleasure and happiness, and that it has the power to move and inspire individuals.

Pluralism in aesthetics holds that beauty is a complex and multifaceted concept that cannot be easily defined or categorized, and that there are multiple and diverse ways of understanding and appreciating beauty.

Plotinus, a Neoplatonic philosopher, believed that beauty is a source of moral upliftment and spiritual transcendence, and that it has the power to lead individuals to a higher state of being.

Historicism in aesthetics holds that beauty is a dynamic and evolving concept that changes over time and across cultures, and that it is shaped by historical, social, and cultural factors.