Formalism in sculpture emphasizes the inherent qualities of form and material, rather than their representational or narrative aspects.

Donald Judd is a prominent minimalist sculptor known for his geometric and often modular works that explore the relationship between form and space.

Materiality refers to the focus on the inherent qualities and properties of the material used in sculpture, such as its texture, color, and weight.

Constantin Brancusi frequently used marble in his sculptures, valuing its ability to convey a sense of purity and simplicity of form.

Composition refers to the arrangement of elements within a sculpture to create a visually pleasing and balanced overall form.

Richard Serra is known for his large-scale outdoor sculptures that explore the relationship between form and landscape, often using corten steel as his primary material.

Rhythm in sculpture refers to the repetition of a form or motif to create a sense of movement and visual interest.

Marcel Duchamp is known for his use of found objects and everyday materials in his sculptures, questioning the traditional boundaries of art and challenging conventional notions of artistic materials.

Abstraction in sculpture refers to the use of abstract forms and shapes, often without any direct reference to the natural world, to explore visual and aesthetic qualities.

Claes Oldenburg is known for his large-scale, often inflatable sculptures that explore the relationship between art and playfulness, often depicting everyday objects in exaggerated proportions.

Chiaroscuro refers to the use of light and shadow in sculpture to create a sense of depth, texture, and dramatic effect.

Barbara Hepworth is known for her use of organic and biomorphic forms in her sculptures, often inspired by natural processes and structures, such as waves, rocks, and seeds.

Kinetic art refers to the use of movement and kinetic elements in sculpture, often creating a sense of dynamism and interactivity, where the artwork moves or changes over time.

Anthony Caro is known for his use of industrial materials and processes in his sculptures, often exploring the relationship between art and technology, and challenging traditional notions of sculpture.

Land art refers to the use of natural materials and elements in sculpture, often creating a sense of connection to the environment, where the artwork is integrated into the landscape.