Climate change, particularly rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, leads to decreased growth and productivity of grasslands. This is due to increased water stress, changes in soil moisture content, and shifts in the composition of plant species.

Habitat destruction, primarily due to agricultural expansion, urbanization, and infrastructure development, is the leading cause of biodiversity loss in India's grasslands. Climate change, overgrazing, and pollution also contribute to biodiversity loss, but to a lesser extent.

Climate change negatively impacts the ecosystem services provided by India's grasslands. It leads to reduced biodiversity, which in turn affects carbon sequestration, water filtration, soil fertility, and other ecosystem services.

Climate change-induced changes in India's grasslands, such as decreased productivity and biodiversity loss, can lead to reduced livelihood opportunities for communities dependent on grasslands for grazing, fodder collection, and other traditional practices.

Sustainable grazing practices, such as rotational grazing and controlled stocking rates, can help maintain the health and productivity of grasslands in the face of climate change. They can also help reduce soil erosion and biodiversity loss.

The Himalayan region is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on grasslands due to its high elevation, fragile ecosystems, and dependence on snow and glacier melt for water resources. Climate change is leading to rapid warming and changes in precipitation patterns in the region, which is affecting grassland productivity and biodiversity.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for climate change. It is released into the atmosphere through human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. CO2 traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and changes in climate patterns.

Climate change is leading to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, floods, and cyclones. This is due to rising global temperatures and changes in atmospheric circulation patterns.

Grasslands play a vital role in carbon sequestration. They absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and store it in their biomass and soil. This helps to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and mitigate climate change.

Climate change-induced changes in India's grasslands, such as decreased water availability and changes in vegetation, can lead to an increased risk of waterborne diseases. This is due to the contamination of water sources with pathogens and the proliferation of disease-carrying insects.

The primary source of methane emissions from grasslands is the decomposition of organic matter, particularly plant material, by microorganisms in anaerobic conditions. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change.

Climate change is leading to range expansion of certain plant species in India's grasslands. This is due to changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and the availability of water resources. Some plant species are able to adapt to these changes and expand their range, while others may face range contraction or even extinction.

Climate change-induced changes in India's grasslands, such as decreased vegetation cover and changes in precipitation patterns, can lead to increased soil erosion. This is due to the loss of soil structure and the exposure of soil to wind and water erosion.

Grasslands are home to a diverse range of plant and animal species, including grasses, wildflowers, insects, birds, and mammals. They provide important habitat for many threatened and endangered species.

Sustainable grazing practices, such as rotational grazing and controlled stocking rates, can help maintain the health and productivity of grasslands in the face of climate change. They can also help reduce soil erosion and biodiversity loss.