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Theories of Justice and Fairness

Description: This quiz covers various theories of justice and fairness, exploring different perspectives on how to distribute resources, rights, and opportunities in society.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: ethics justice fairness distributive justice social justice
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Which theory of justice emphasizes the importance of maximizing the overall happiness or well-being of society?

  1. Utilitarianism

  2. Deontology

  3. Libertarianism

  4. Rawlsian Justice

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Utilitarianism prioritizes the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people, aiming to maximize overall societal well-being.

According to Rawls' theory of justice, what is the primary goal of a just society?

  1. Maximizing individual liberty

  2. Promoting equality of opportunity

  3. Ensuring equal distribution of resources

  4. Preserving traditional values

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Rawls' theory emphasizes the importance of creating a society where everyone has equal opportunities to succeed, regardless of their social or economic background.

What is the central principle of John Locke's theory of justice?

  1. The social contract

  2. The greatest happiness principle

  3. The veil of ignorance

  4. The categorical imperative

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Locke's theory is based on the idea that individuals give up some of their natural rights in exchange for the protection and benefits provided by a just society.

Which theory of justice advocates for the minimal interference of government in economic and social affairs?

  1. Libertarianism

  2. Socialism

  3. Communism

  4. Marxism

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Libertarianism emphasizes individual liberty and minimal government intervention, believing that individuals should have the freedom to make their own choices and pursue their own interests.

What is the main concern of distributive justice?

  1. Fairness in the allocation of resources

  2. Equality of opportunity

  3. Maximizing overall happiness

  4. Preserving traditional values

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Distributive justice focuses on the just distribution of resources, benefits, and burdens among individuals and groups in society.

Which theory of justice emphasizes the importance of respecting individual rights and freedoms?

  1. Utilitarianism

  2. Deontology

  3. Libertarianism

  4. Rawlsian Justice

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Deontological theories prioritize the importance of following moral rules and duties, regardless of the consequences.

What is the difference principle in Rawls' theory of justice?

  1. The principle that everyone should have equal access to basic liberties

  2. The principle that everyone should have equal access to resources

  3. The principle that everyone should have equal access to education

  4. The principle that everyone should have equal access to healthcare

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The difference principle states that social and economic inequalities are only justified if they benefit the least advantaged members of society.

Which theory of justice advocates for the abolition of private property?

  1. Libertarianism

  2. Socialism

  3. Communism

  4. Marxism

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Communism proposes the common ownership of property and resources, eliminating private ownership and class distinctions.

What is the primary goal of restorative justice?

  1. Punishing offenders

  2. Rehabilitating offenders

  3. Seeking retribution for crimes

  4. Repairing harm caused by crimes

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Restorative justice focuses on repairing the harm caused by crimes and restoring relationships between victims and offenders.

Which theory of justice emphasizes the importance of individual autonomy and self-determination?

  1. Utilitarianism

  2. Deontology

  3. Libertarianism

  4. Rawlsian Justice

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Libertarianism prioritizes individual liberty and self-determination, arguing that individuals should have the freedom to make their own choices and pursue their own interests.

What is the veil of ignorance in Rawls' theory of justice?

  1. A hypothetical situation where individuals are unaware of their social and economic status

  2. A hypothetical situation where individuals are unaware of their personal preferences

  3. A hypothetical situation where individuals are unaware of their political affiliations

  4. A hypothetical situation where individuals are unaware of their religious beliefs

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The veil of ignorance is a thought experiment where individuals make decisions about a just society without knowing their own position or circumstances.

Which theory of justice emphasizes the importance of social equality and the elimination of class distinctions?

  1. Libertarianism

  2. Socialism

  3. Communism

  4. Marxism

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Marxism advocates for the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a classless, stateless society.

What is the principle of reciprocity in distributive justice?

  1. The principle that everyone should receive benefits in proportion to their contributions

  2. The principle that everyone should have equal access to resources

  3. The principle that everyone should have equal access to education

  4. The principle that everyone should have equal access to healthcare

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of reciprocity suggests that individuals should receive benefits in proportion to their contributions to society.

Which theory of justice emphasizes the importance of merit and individual achievement?

  1. Utilitarianism

  2. Deontology

  3. Libertarianism

  4. Rawlsian Justice

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Libertarianism emphasizes individual liberty and self-determination, arguing that individuals should be rewarded based on their own merits and achievements.

What is the difference principle in John Rawls' theory of justice?

  1. The principle that everyone should have equal access to basic liberties

  2. The principle that everyone should have equal access to resources

  3. The principle that everyone should have equal access to education

  4. The principle that everyone should have equal access to healthcare

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The difference principle states that social and economic inequalities are only justified if they benefit the least advantaged members of society.

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