SDN, NFV, and IBN are all key trends in networking that are driving innovation and transformation.

SDN offers increased flexibility and programmability, reduced costs, and improved security.

NFV aims to virtualize network functions, such as firewalls, load balancers, and intrusion detection systems.

IBN focuses on translating business intent into network policies, enabling networks to adapt and respond to changing business needs.

Network Virtualization (NV) allows multiple virtual networks to be created over a shared physical infrastructure.

Network slicing involves dividing a physical network into multiple logical networks, each with its own unique characteristics and requirements.

Cognitive Radio (CR), Software-Defined Radio (SDR), and Massive MIMO all contribute to improving spectrum efficiency.

SD-WANs offer reduced costs, increased flexibility and agility, and improved security.

Mesh Networking, Ad hoc Networking, and Peer-to-Peer Networking all allow devices to communicate without a central access point.

NFVI offers reduced costs, increased flexibility and scalability, and improved performance and reliability.

Multipathing, Load Balancing, and Traffic Engineering all allow for the use of multiple paths for data transmission.

SDA involves centralizing network control and management, separating the control plane from the data plane, and automating network configuration and provisioning.

VPNs, SDPs, and ZTNAs all allow for the creation of secure overlay networks over public networks.

NAML is used to monitor and analyze network traffic, detect and mitigate network anomalies, and optimize network performance and efficiency.

HetNets, MRAs, and CAs all allow for the use of multiple RATs in a single network.