Saul Kripke proposed the Linguistic Identity Hypothesis in his 1972 book \"Naming and Necessity\".

The Linguistic Identity Hypothesis claims that the meaning of a proper name is determined by its referent, rather than by its use, context, or history.

The main argument for the Linguistic Identity Hypothesis is the argument from rigidity, which states that proper names are rigid designators, meaning that they refer to the same individual in all possible worlds.

The main objection to the Linguistic Identity Hypothesis is the objection from the causal theory of reference, which states that the meaning of a proper name is determined by the causal chain that connects the name to its referent.

Hilary Putnam developed the causal theory of reference in his 1975 book \"The Meaning of \"Meaning\"".

The main argument for the causal theory of reference is the argument from the Twin Earth thought experiment, which involves two identical individuals who live on different planets and have different names.

The main objection to the causal theory of reference is the objection from the Linguistic Identity Hypothesis, which states that the meaning of a proper name is determined by its referent, rather than by the causal chain that connects the name to its referent.

Bertrand Russell developed the descriptive theory of reference in his 1905 book \"On Denoting\".

The main argument for the descriptive theory of reference is the argument from the analysis of proper names, which states that proper names are shorthand for descriptions.

The main objection to the descriptive theory of reference is the objection from the Linguistic Identity Hypothesis, which states that the meaning of a proper name is determined by its referent, rather than by the description that it picks out.

Gottlob Frege developed the direct reference theory of reference in his 1892 book \"Sense and Reference\".

The main argument for the direct reference theory of reference is the argument from the necessity of identity, which states that proper names are necessarily identical to their referents.

The main objection to the direct reference theory of reference is the objection from the causal theory of reference, which states that the meaning of a proper name is determined by the causal chain that connects the name to its referent.

Keith Donnellan developed the cluster theory of reference in his 1966 paper \"Reference and Definite Descriptions\".

The main argument for the cluster theory of reference is the argument from the context-dependence of reference, which states that the meaning of a proper name is determined by the context in which it is used.

The main objection to the cluster theory of reference is the objection from the Linguistic Identity Hypothesis, which states that the meaning of a proper name is determined by its referent, rather than by the context in which it is used.