The invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century is widely regarded as the catalyst for the Renaissance, as it allowed for the rapid dissemination of knowledge and ideas.

Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886) is widely regarded as the father of modern history for his emphasis on rigorous research, objectivity, and the use of primary sources in historical writing.

The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) is considered the turning point of the American Civil War, as it marked the Confederacy's last major offensive and resulted in a decisive Union victory.

The Abolitionist Movement was a social and political movement that aimed to end slavery in the United States. It gained momentum in the early 19th century and played a significant role in the outbreak of the American Civil War.

Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) is widely recognized as the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. He advocated for nonviolent civil disobedience and played a pivotal role in India's eventual independence in 1947.

Communism is a political and economic system that aims to create a classless, stateless society. It was the dominant ideology in the Soviet Union and its satellite states during the Cold War.

The invasion of Poland by Germany on September 1, 1939, is widely regarded as the start of World War II.

Barack Obama was the first African American president of the United States, serving two terms from 2009 to 2017.

The Solidarity Movement, a nonviolent anti-communist movement in Poland, played a significant role in the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.

The Space Race was the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to achieve firsts in space exploration during the Cold War.

The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 is widely regarded as the end of the Cold War.

Tim Berners-Lee is widely credited as the father of the internet for his invention of the World Wide Web in 1989.

The publication of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring in 1962 is often seen as the beginning of the modern environmental movement.

The Great Recession was a severe global economic downturn that began in 2008 and lasted until 2009.