The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, guarantees equal protection under the law to all persons, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Anti-discrimination laws aim to prevent discrimination based on protected characteristics, such as race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, and genetic information.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark federal law that prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.

Discrimination is the practice of treating people differently based on their membership in a particular group, often leading to unfair or unequal treatment.

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 is a federal law that prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, familial status, and disability.

Racism is the belief that one group of people is superior to another based on their race or ethnicity.

Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in public accommodations based on race, color, religion, and national origin.

Sexism is the practice of treating people differently based on their sex, often leading to unfair or unequal treatment.

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in education based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.

Religious discrimination is the practice of treating people differently based on their religion, often leading to unfair or unequal treatment.

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 prohibits discrimination in credit and lending based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, and age.

Xenophobia is the practice of treating people differently based on their national origin, often leading to unfair or unequal treatment.

The Jury Selection and Service Act of 1968 prohibits discrimination in jury selection based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, and economic status.

Ableism is the practice of treating people differently based on their disability, often leading to unfair or unequal treatment.

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 prohibits discrimination in employment based on age.