Consider the polynomial p(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x^2 +a3x^3, where ai != 0, for all i. The minimum number of multiplications needed to evaluate p on an input x is :

The set (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9) under multiplication modulo 10 is not a group. Given below are four plausible reasons. Which one of them is false?

For which one of the following reasons does Internet Protocol (IP) use the time to-live (TTL) field in the IP datagram header?

A relation R is defined on ordered pairs of integers as follows: (x,y) R (u,v) if x < u and y > v. Then R is:

In a binary max heap containing n numbers, the smallest element can be found in time

To implement Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm on un weighted graphs so that it runs in linear time, the data structure to be used is:

You are given a free running clock with a duty cycle of 50% and a digital waveform f which changes only at the negative edge of the clock. Which one of the following circuits (using clocked D flip-flops) will delay the phase of f by 180°?

A CPU has 24-bit instructions. A program starts at address 300 (in decimal). Which one of the following is a legal program counter (all values in decimal)?

Which one of the following in place sorting algorithms needs the minimum number of swaps?

Let $X,Y,Z$ be sets of sizes x, y and z respectively. Let $W = X \times Y$ and $E$ be the set of all subsets of $W$. The number of functions from $Z$ to $E$ is

Consider a weighted complete graph G on the vertex set {v₁, v₂,............., v_n} such that the weight of the edge (v_i, v_j) is 2 |i - j| . The weight of a minimum spanning tree of G is:

A scheme for storing binary trees in an array X is as follows. Indexing of X starts at 1 instead of 0. the root is stored at X[1]. For a node stored at X [i], the left child, if any, is stored in X [2i] and the right child, if any, in X [2i+1]. To be able to store any binary tree on n vertices the minimum size of X should be

An element in an array X is called a leader if it is greater than all elements to the right of it in X. The best algorithm to find all leaders in an array

Consider the following grammar

S→ S * E S→ E E→ F + E E→ F F→ id Consider the following LR(0) items corresponding to the grammar above

S → S *.E E → F. + E E → F + .E Given the items above, which two of them will appear in the same set in the canonical sets-of-items for the grammar?

We are given a set X = {x₁ ..............x_n } where x_i = 2ⁱ A sample S $\subseteq $ X is drawn by selecting each x_i independently with probability p_i = 1/2. The expected value of the smallest number in sample S is:

For each element in a set of size 2n, an unbiased coin is tossed. The 2n coin tosses are independent. An element is chosen if the corresponding coin toss were head. The probability that exactly n elements are chosen is:

Let $E, F$ and $G$ be finite sets. Let

$X = (E ∩ F) - (F ∩ G)$ and $Y = (E - (E ∩ G)) - (E - F)$.

Which one of the following is true?

Let S = {1, 2, 3,........, m}, m >3. Let X1.........Xn be subsets of S each of size 3. Define a function f from S to the set of natural numbers as, f(i) is the number of sets Xj that contain the element i. That is $f(i)=\left | \left\{j \mid i\in X_j \right\} \right|$ then $ \sum_{i=1}^{m} f(i)$ is:

Consider three CPU-intensive processes, which require 10, 20 and 30 time units and arrive at time 0, 2 and 6 respectively. How many context switches are needed if the operating system implements shortest remaining time first scheduling (SRTFS) algorithm? Do not count the context switches at time zero and at the end.

Given a set of elements N = {1, 2, ..., n} and two arbitrary subsets A⊆N and B⊆N, how many of the n! permutations $\pi$ from N to N satisfy min($\pi$(A)) = min($\pi$(B)), where min(S) is the smallest integer in the set of integers S, and $\pi$(S) is the set of integers obtained by applying permutation $\pi$ to each element of S?

$F$ is an $n\times n$ real matrix. $b$ is an $n\times 1$ real vector. Suppose there are two $n\times 1$ vectors, $u$ and $v$ such that, $u ≠ v$ and $Fu = b, Fv = b$. Which one of the following statements is false?

Consider the following C-program fragment in which i, j and n are integer variables.
for( i = n, j = 0; i > 0; i /= 2, j +=i ); Let val ( j ) denote the value stored in the variable j after termination of the for loop. Which one of the following is true?

Consider the following propositional statements: P1 : ((A ∧ B) → C)) ≡ ((A → C) ∧ (B → C)) P2 : ((A ∨ B) → C)) ≡ ((A → C) ∨ (B → C))

Which one of the following is true?

Consider the circuit above. Which one of the following options correctly represents f (x, y, z)?

Which one of the first order predicate calculus statements given below correctly expresses the following English statement? Tigers and lions attack if they are hungry or threatened.

We consider the addition of two $2's$ complement numbers $ b_{n-1}b_{n-2}\dots b_{0}$ and $a_{n-1}a_{n-2}\dots a_{0}$. A binary adder for adding unsigned binary numbers is used to add the two numbers. The sum is denoted by $ c_{n-1}c_{n-2}\dots c_{0}$ and the carry-out by $ c_{out}$. Which one of the following options correctly identifies the overflow condition?

Consider a Boolean function $ f(w,x,y,z)$. Suppose that exactly one of its inputs is allowed to change at a time. If the function happens to be true for two input vectors $ i_{1}=\left \langle w_{1}, x_{1}, y_{1},z_{1}\right \rangle $ and $ i_{2}=\left \langle w_{2}, x_{2}, y_{2},z_{2}\right \rangle $ , we would like the function to remain true as the input changes from $ i_{1}$ to $ i_{2}$ ($ i_{1}$ and $ i_{2}$ differ in exactly one bit position) without becoming false momentarily. Let $ f(w,x,y,z)=\sum (5,7,11,12,13,15)$ . Which of the following cube covers of $f$ will ensure that the required property is satisfied?

Station A uses 32 byte packets to transmit messages to Station B using a sliding window protocol. The round trip delay between A and B is 80 milliseconds and the bottleneck bandwidth on the path between A and B is 128 kbps. What is the optimal window size that A should use?

Station A needs to send a message consisting of 9 packets to Station B using a sliding window (window size 3) and go-back-n error control strategy. All packets are ready and immediately available for

A logical binary relation $\odot$, is defined as follows:

Let $\sim$ be the unary negation (NOT) operator, with higher precedence then $\odot$.

Which one of the following is equivalent to $A\wedge B$ ?

Let T be a depth first search tree in an undirected graph G. Vertices u and n are leaves of this tree T.

The degrees of both u and n in G are at least 2. Which one of the following statements is true?

The median of n elements can be found in O(n) time. Which one of the following is correct about the complexity of quick sort, in which the median is selected as pivot?

Two computers C1 and C2 are configured as follows. C1 has IP address 203.197.2.53 and netmask 255.255.128.0. C2 has IP address 203.197.75.201 and netmask 255.255.192.0. Which one of the following statements is true?

Consider numbers represented in 4-bit gray code. Let h₃ h₂ h₁ h₀ be the gray code representation of a number n and let g₃ g₂ g₁ g₀ be the gray code of (n + 1) (modulo 16) value of the number. Which one of the following functions is correct?

Given two three bit numbers a₂ a₁ a₀ and b₂ b₁ b₀ and c, the carry in, the function that represents the carry generate function when these two numbers are added is:

Consider the following graph:

Which one of the following cannot be the sequence of edges added, in that order, to a minimum spanning tree using Kruskal's algorithm?

A set X can be represented by an array x [n] as follows:

x$\left [ i \right ]=\begin {cases} 1 & \text{if } i \in X \\ 0 & otherwise \end{cases}$ Consider the following algorithm in which x, y and z are boolean arrays of size n. algorithm zzz (x [ ], y[ ], z [ ] ) { int i; for (i = 0 ; i< n; ++i) z[i] = (x[i] Ù ~y[i]) Ú (~x[i] Ù y[i]) }

The set Z computed by the algorithm is

The order of the following recurrence: $T(n) = 2T([\sqrt{n}]) + 1$
is

Consider the following code written in a pass-by-reference language like FORTRAN and these statements about the code.

S1: The compiler will generate code to allocate a temporary nameless cell, initialize it to 13, and pass the address of the cell swap S2: On execution the code will generate a runtime error on line L1 S3: On execution the code will generate a runtime error on line L2 S4: The program will print 13 and 8 S5: The program will print 13 and - 2 Exactly the following set of statement(s) is correct:

A CPU generates 32-bit virtual addresses. The page size is 4 KB. The processor has a translation look-aside buffer (TLB) which can hold a total of 128 page table entries and is 4-way set associative. The minimum size of the TLB tag is:

Consider the following C code segment. for (i - 0, i<n; i++) { for (j=0; j<n; j++) { if (i%2) { x += (4* j + 5* i); y += (7 + 4*j); } } } Which one of the following is false?

Given two arrays of numbers a₁,..........., a_n and b₁,............, b_n where each number is 0 or 1, the fastest algorithm to find the largest span (i, j ) such that a_i + a_i+1 + .........+ a_j = b_i + b_{i + 1} +...........+ b_j or report that there is not such span,

Consider the following translation scheme. S$\rightarrow$ER R$\rightarrow$E {print (''); R}$\in$ E $\rightarrow$F + E {print ('+');} F F$\rightarrow$ (S) | id {print (id.value);} Here id is a token that represents an integer and id.value represents the corresponding integer value. For an input '2 * 3 + 4', this translation scheme prints

A computer system supports 32-bit virtual addresses as well as 32-bit physical addresses. Since the virtual address space is of the same size as the physical address space, the operating system designers decide to get rid of the virtual memory entirely. Which one of the following is true?

Consider the circuit in the diagram. The $\oplus$ operator represents Ex - OR. The D flip - flops are initialized to zeroes (cleared).

The following data: 100110000 is supplied to the “data” terminal in nine clock cycles. After that the values of q₂ q₁ q₀ are:

Consider three processes (process ids 0, 1, 2 respectively) with compute time bursts 2, 4 and 8 time units. All processes arrive at time zero. Consider the longest remaining time first (LRTF) scheduling algorithm. In LRTF ties are broken by giving priority to the process with the lowest process id. The average turn around time is

Consider three processes, all arriving at time zero, with total execution time of 10, 20 and 30 units respectively. Each process spends the first 20% of execution time doing I/O, the next 70% of time doing computation and the last 10% of time doing I/O again. The operating system uses shortest remaining compute time first scheduling algorithm and schedules a new process either when the running process gets blocked on I/O or when the running process finishes its compute burst. Assume that all I/O operations can be overlapped as much as possible. For what percentage of time does the CPU remain idle?

Consider the following grammar: S $\rightarrow$FR R$\rightarrow$* S|$\in$ F$\rightarrow$id In the predictive parser table, M, of the grammar the entries M [S, id] and M [R,$] respectively.

The atomic fetch-and-set x, y instruction unconditionally sets the memory location x to 1 and fetches the old value of x n y without allowing any intervening access to the memory location x. consider the following implementation of P and V functions on a binary semaphore S. void P (binary_semaphore *s) { unsigned y; unsigned *x = &(s->value); do { fetch-and-set x, y; } while (y); } void V (binary_semaphore *s) { S ->value = 0; } Which one of the following is true? ( Which one of the following is true?

The 2ⁿ vertices of a graph G corresponds to all subsets of a set of size n, for n $\ge$ 6 . Two vertices of G are adjacent if and only if the corresponding sets intersect in exactly two elements.

The number of vertices of degree zero in G is:

The 2ⁿ vertices of a graph G corresponds to all subsets of a set of size n, for n $\ge$ 6 . Two vertices of G are adjacent if and only if the corresponding sets intersect in exactly two elements.

The number of connected components in G is:

Consider the following snapshot of a system running n processes. Process i is holding x_i instances of a resource R, 1$\le$ i$\le$ n. currently, all instances of R are occupied. Further, for all i, process i has placed a request for an additional y_i instances while holding the x_i instances it already has. There are exactly two processes p and q such that 0. y_p = y_q = 0. Which one of the following can serve as a necessary condition to guarantee that the system is not approaching a deadlock?

Barrier is a synchronization construct where a set of processes synchronizes globally i.e. each process in the set arrives at the barrier and waits for all others to arrive and then all processes leave the barrier. Let the number of processes in the set be three and S be a binary semaphore with the usual P and V functions. Consider the following C implementation of a barrier with line numbers shown on left.

void barrier (void) { 1: P(S); 2: process_arrived++;

1. V(S); 4: while (process_arrived !=3); 5: P(S); 6: process_left++; 7: if (process_left==3) { 8: process_arrived = 0; 9: process_left = 0; 10: } 11: V(S); }

The variables process_arrived and process_left are shared among all processes and are initialized to zero. In a concurrent program all the three processes call the barrier function when they need to synchronize globally.

Which one of the following rectifies the problem in the implementation?

The 2ⁿ vertices of a graph G corresponds to all subsets of a set of size n, for n $ge$ 6 . Two vertices of G are adjacent if and only if the corresponding sets intersect in exactly two elements.

The maximum degree of a vertex in G is:

Barrier is a synchronization construct where a set of processes synchronizes globally i.e. each process in the set arrives at the barrier and waits for all others to arrive and then all processes leave the barrier. Let the number of processes in the set be three and S be a binary semaphore with the usual P and V functions. Consider the following C implementation of a barrier with line numbers shown on left.

void barrier (void) { 1: P(S); 2: process_arrived++;

1. V(S); 4: while (process_arrived !=3); 5: P(S); 6: process_left++; 7: if (process_left==3) { 8: process_arrived = 0; 9: process_left = 0; 10: } 11: V(S); }

The variables process_arrived and process_left are shared among all processes and are initialized to zero. In a concurrent program all the three processes call the barrier function when they need to synchronize globally.

The above implementation of barrier is incorrect. Which one of the following is true?

In the correct grammar above, what is the length of the derivation (number of steps starring from S) to generate the string a^l b^m with l ^$\ne$ m?

Consider the diagram shown below where a number of LANs are connected by (transparent) bridges. In order to avoid packets looping through circuits in the graph, the bridges organize themselves in a spanning tree. First, the root bridge is identified as the bridge with the least serial number. Next, the root sends out (one or more) data units to enable the setting up of the spanning tree of shortest paths from the root bridge to each bridge. Each bridge identifies a port (the root port) through which it will forward frames to the root bridge. Port conflicts are always resolved in favour of the port with the lower index value. When there is a possibility of multiple bridges forwarding to the same LAN (but not through the root port), ties are broken as follows: bridges closest to the root get preference and between such bridges, the one with the lowest serial number is preferred.

Consider the correct spanning tree for the previous question. Let host H1 send out a broadcast ping packet. Which of the following options represents the correct forwarding table on B3?

Which one of the following grammars generates the language $ L=\left \{ a^{i}b^{j}\mid i\neq j \right \}$?

Consider the diagram shown below where a number of LANs are connected by (transparent) bridges. In order to avoid packets looping through circuits in the graph, the bridges organize themselves in a spanning tree. First, the root bridge is identified as the bridge with the least serial number. Next, the root sends out (one or more) data units to enable the setting up of the spanning tree of shortest paths from the root bridge to each bridge. Each bridge identifies a port (the root port) through which it will forward frames to the root bridge. Port conflicts are always resolved in favour of the port with the lower index value. When there is a possibility of multiple bridges forwarding to the same LAN (but not through the root port), ties are broken as follows: bridges closest to the root get preference and between such bridges, the one with the lowest serial number is preferred.

For the given connection of LANs by bridges, which one of the following choices represents the depth first traversal of the spanning tree of bridges?

A CPU has a cache with block size 64 bytes. The main memory has k banks, each bank being c bytes wide. Consecutive c − byte chunks are mapped on consecutive banks with wrap-around. All the k banks can be accessed in parallel, but two accesses to the same bank must be serialized. A cache block access may involve multiple iterations of parallel bank accesses depending on the amount of data obtained by accessing all the k banks in parallel. Each iteration requires decoding the bank numbers to be accessed in parallel and this takes$\dfrac{k}{2}$ns .latency of one bank access is 80 ns. If c = 2 and k = 24, the latency of retrieving cache block starting at address zero from main memory is:

Consider two cache organizations: The first one is 32 KB 2-way set associative with 32- byte block size. The second one is of the same size but direct mapped. The size of an address is 32 bits in both cases. A 2-to-1 multiplexer has a latency of 0.6 ns while a k - bit comparator has a latency of k /10 ns. The hit latency of the set associative organization is h₁ while that of the direct mapped one is h₂.

The value of h₁ is:

A CPU has a five-stage pipeline and runs at 1 GHz frequency. Instruction fetch happens in the first stage of the pipeline. A conditional branch instruction computes the target address and evaluates the condition in the third stage of the pipeline. The processor stops fetching new instructions following a conditional branch until the branch outcome is known. A program executes 9 10 instructions out of which 20% are conditional branches. If each instruction takes one cycle to complete on average, the total execution time of the program is:

Consider a new instruction named branch-on-bit-set (mnemonic bbs). The instruction “bbs reg, pos, label” jumps to label if bit in position pos of register operand reg is one. A register is 32 bits wide and the bits are numbered 0 to 31, bit in position 0 being the least significant. Consider the following emulation of this instruction on a processor that does not have bbs implemented. temp$\leftarrow$reg & mask Branch to label if temp is non-zero. The variable temp is a temporary register. For correct emulation, the variable mask must be generated by

Consider two cache organizations: The first one is 32 KB 2-way set associative with 32- byte block size. The second one is of the same size but direct mapped. The size of an address is 32 bits in both cases. A 2-to-1 multiplexer has a latency of 0.6 ns while a k - bit comparator has a latency of k /10 ns. The hit latency of the set associative organization is h₁ while that of the direct mapped one is h₂.

The value of h₂ is:

A CPU has a 32 KB direct mapped cache with 128-byte block size. Suppose A is a two dimensional array of size 512×512 with elements that occupy 8-bytes each. Consider the following two C code segments, P1 and P2. P1: for (i=0; i<512; i++) { for (j=0; j<512; j++) { x +=A[i] [j]; } } P2: for (i=0; i<512; i++) { for (j=0; j<512; j++) { x +=A[j] [i]; } } P1 and P2 are executed independently with the same initial state, namely, the array A is not in the cache and i, j, x are in registers. Let the number of cache misses experienced by P1 be M₁ and that for P2 be M₂ .

The value of the ratio $\dfrac{M_1}{M_2}$

A CPU has a 32 KB direct mapped cache with 128-byte block size. Suppose A is a two dimensional array of size 512×512 with elements that occupy 8-bytes each. Consider the following two C code segments, P1 and P2. P1: for (i=0; i<512; i++) { for (j=0; j<512; j++) { x +=A[i] [j]; } } P2: for (i=0; i<512; i++) { for (j=0; j<512; j++) { x +=A[j] [i]; } } P1 and P2 are executed independently with the same initial state, namely, the array A is not in the cache and i, j, x are in registers. Let the number of cache misses experienced by P1 be M₁ and that for P2 be M₂ .

The value of 1 M is:

Consider these two functions and two statements S1 and S2 about them.

S2: All the transformations applied to work1 to get work2 will always improve the performance (i.e reduce CPU time) of work2 compared to work1

Consider the following C-function in which a [n] and b [m] are two sorted integer arrays and c [n + m ] be another integer array.

void xyz (int a[ ], int b [ ], int c [ ]) {
  int i, j, k;
  i=j=k=0;
  while ((i < n) && (j < m))
     if (a[i] < b[j]) c[k++] = a[i++];
     else c[k++] = b[j++];
}

Which of the following condition(s) hold(s) after the termination of the while loop?

A 3-ary max heap is like a binary max heap, but instead of 2 children, nodes have 3 children. A 3-ary heap can be represented by an array as follows: The root is stored in the first location, a[0], nodes in the next level, from left to right, is stored from a[1] to a[3]. The nodes from the second level of the tree from left to right are stored from a[4]location onward. An item x can be inserted into a 3-ary heap containing n items by placing x in the location a[n] and pushing it up the tree to satisfy the heap property.

Which one of the following is a valid sequence of elements in an array representing 3-ary max heap?

Consider this C code to swap two integers and these five statements: the code.

S1: will generate a compilation error S2: may generate a segmentation fault at runtime depending on the arguments passed S3: correctly implements the swap procedure for all input pointers referring to integers stored in memory locations accessible to the process S4: implements the swap procedure correctly for some but not all valid input pointers S5: may add or subtract integers and pointers.

A 3-ary max heap is like a binary max heap, but instead of 2 children, nodes have 3 children. A 3-ary heap can be represented by an array as follows: The root is stored in the first location, a[0], nodes in the next level, from left to right, is stored from a[1] to a[3]. The nodes from the second level of the tree from left to right are stored from a[4]location onward. An item x can be inserted into a 3-ary heap containing n items by placing x in the location a[n] and pushing it up the tree to satisfy the heap property.

Suppose the elements 7, 2, 10 and 4 are inserted, in that order, into the valid 3- ary max heap found in the above question, Q.76. Which one of the following is the sequence of items in the array representing the resultant heap?

An implementation of a queue Q, using two stacks S1 and S2, is given below: void insert (Q, x) { push (S1, x); } void delete (Q) { if (stack-empty(S2)) then if (stack-empty(S1)) then { print(“Q is empty”); return; } else while (!(stack-empty(S1))){ x=pop (S1); push (S2,x); } x=pop (S2); } Let n insert and m ($\le$ n) delete operations be performed in an arbitrary order on an empty queue Q. Let x and y be the number of push and pop operations performed respectively in the process. Which one of the following is true for all m and n?

Consider the relation account (customer, balance) where customer is a primary key and there are no null values. We would like to rank customers according to decreasing balance. The customer with the largest balance gets rank 1. Ties are not broken but ranks are skipped: if exactly two customers have the largest balance they each get rank 1 and rank 2 is not assigned.

Consider these statements about Query 1 and Query 2.

1. Query 1 will produce the same row set as Query 2 for some but not all databases.
2. Both Query 1 and Query 2 are correct implementation of the specification.
3. Query 1 is a correct implementation of the specification but Query 2 is not.
4. Neither Query 1 nor Query 2 is a correct implementation of the specification.
5. Assigning rank with a pure relational query takes less time than scanning in decreasing balance order assigning ranks using ODBC.

Which two of the above statements are correct?

Consider the following log sequence of two transactions on a bank account, with initial balance of Rs. 12,000, that transfers 2000 to a mortgage payment and then applies a 5% interest.

1. T1 start
2. T1 B old = 1200 new = 10000
3. T1 M old = 0 new = 2000
4. T1 commit
5. T2 start
6. T2 B old = 10000 new = 10500
7. T2 commit

Suppose the database system crashes just before log record 7 is written. When the system is restarted, which statement is true for the recovery procedure?

Consider the following functional dependencies: AB^{_{$\rightarrow$}}CD, AF ^{_{$\rightarrow$}} D,DE ^{_{$\rightarrow$}}F,C ^{_{$\rightarrow$}}G, F ^{_{$\rightarrow$}}E,G ^{_{$\rightarrow$}}A. Which one of the following options is false?

Consider the relation enrolled (student, course) in which (student, course) is the primary key, and the relation paid (student, amount) where student is the primary key. Assume no null values and no foreign keys or integrity constraints. Given the following four queries: Query1:select student from enrolled where student in (select student from paid) Query2:select student from paid where student in (select student from enrolled) Query3:select E.student from enrolled E, paid P where E.student = P.student Query4:select student from paid where exists (select * from enrolled where enrolled. student = paid. student) Which one of the above statements is correct?

Consider the relation enrolled (student, course) in which (student, course) is the primary key, and the relation paid (student, amount) where student is the primary key. Assume no null values and no foreign keys or integrity constraints. Assume that amounts 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000 and 10000 were each paid by 20% of the students. Consider these query plans (Plan 1 on left, Plan 2 on right) to “list all courses taken by students who have paid more than x”

A disk seek takes 4ms, disk data transfer bandwidth is 300 MB/s and checking a tuple to see if amount is greater than x takes 10Zs. Which of the following statements is correct?

Let S be an NP-complete problem and Q and R be two other problems not known to be in NP. Q is polynomial time reducible to S and S is polynomial-time reducible to R. Which one of the following statements is true?

Let SHAM_, be the problem of finding a Hamiltonian cycle in a graph G = (V, E) with V divisible by 3 and DHAM' be the problem of determining if a Hamiltonian cycle exists in such graphs. Which one of the following is true?

Let L₁ = {0^n+m1ⁿ0^m|n, m$\ge$0}. L₂ = {0^n+m1^n+m0^m|n, m$\ge$0} and L₃ = {0^n+m1^n+m0^n+m|n, m$\ge$0} Which of these languages are NOT context free?

For S $\in$ (0 + 1) * let d (s) denote the decimal value of s (e.g. d (101) = 5). Let L = {s $\in$ (0 + 1)* d (s)mod 5 = 2 and d (s) mod 7 $\ne$ 4} Which one of the following statements is true?

Consider the regular language L = (111 + 11111) *. The minimum number of states in any DFA accepting these languages is:

If s is a string over (0 + 1)* then let n₀ (s) denote the number of 0's in s and n₁ (s) the number of 1's in s. Which one of the following languages is not regular?

Let L₁ be a regular language, L₂ be a deterministic context-free language and L₃ a recursively enumerable, but not recursive, language. Which one of the following statements is false?

Consider the following statements about the context free grammar G = {S $\rightarrow$ SS, S $\rightarrow$ ab, S $\rightarrow$ ba, S $\rightarrow$$\in$} I. G is ambiguous II. G produces all strings with equal number of a's and b's III. G can be accepted by a deterministic PDA. Which combination below expresses all the true statements about G?